Lie graph homology model for \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\) (Q6038505)

The Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra, \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\), is the Lie algebra of the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group. Willwacher has shown that \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\) occurs as the zeroth cohomology of Kontsevich's graph complex \(GC_2\) [\textit{T. Willwacher}, Invent. Math. 200, No. 3, 671--760 (2015; Zbl 1394.17044)]. In the paper under review, the author gives a new model for \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\) using Lie graph homology. This new model is formed as a family of chain complexes \(L(g,n)\), spanned by coloured and labelled graphs satisfying certain conditions. Here \(g\) denotes the total genus and \(n\) denotes the number of legs (leaves). A key development in the construction of this new model is to extend a result from [\textit{M. Chan} et al., Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 472, 77--131 (2022; Zbl 1489.14038)] on the acyclicity of certain complexes from the Feynman transform of the commutative modular operad to the Feynman transform of Lie graph homology. As a corollary, the author relates the cohomology of the complexes \(L(g,n)\) to the cohomology of the moduli space of tropical curves of unit volume, \(\Delta_{g,n}\). The Grothendieck-Teichmüller Lie algebra has a filtration, called the depth. The author proves a theorem relating genus 2 of Lie graph homology to depth 2 of the filtration on \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\). This result unifies two previously unconnected occurrences of the space of modular cusp forms in graph homology (found in [\textit{L. Schneps}, J. Lie Theory 16, No. 1, 19--37 (2006; Zbl 1120.17004)] and [\textit{J. Conant} et al., Comment. Math. Helv. 91, No. 4, 751--806 (2016; Zbl 1396.20057)]) by identifying anti-invariants of Lie graph homology in genus 2 with relations between bracketings of conjectural generators of \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\) in depth 2 modulo depth 3. As a consequence of this result, it is shown that computations of certain cohomology groups relating to \(\Delta_{g,n}\) (found in [\textit{J. Conant} et al., J. Knot Theory Ramifications 23, No. 4, Article ID 1450018, 23 p. (2014; Zbl 1312.57035)]) and computation cohomology groups of the group extension \(\Gamma_{g,n}\) (found in [\textit{J. Conant} et al., Comment. Math. Helv. 91, No. 4, 751--806 (2016; Zbl 1396.20057)]) are formal consequences of one another. The paper is structured as follows. Section 1 is an extensive introduction, outlining the results of the paper and describing their connections to the existing literature. Section 2 recalls the necessary background on modular graphs, (weak) modular operads, (weak) Feynman transforms and Lie graph homology. Section 3 is dedicated to the construction of the new model for \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\). Section 4 relates genus 2 of Lie graph homology to depth 2 of the filtration on \(\mathfrak{grt}_1\).