Finite duals in Grothendieck categories and coalgebra objects (Q6617080)

Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a \(k\)-linear Grothendieck category over a commutative Noetherian ring \(k\). The paper under review aims to construct subcategories of \(\mathcal{A}\) that behave like the category of comodules over a coalgebra. Since comodules are locally finite dimensional, the authors choose the following definition to mimic finite dimensionality: an object \(X\in \mathcal{A}\) is called \textit{\(k\)-finite} if the collection of morphisms \(\mathcal{A}(F,X)\) is a finitely generated \(k\)-module, for any finitely generated object \(F\) of \(\mathcal{A}\). Furthermore, an object \(X\) is called \textit{strongly \(k\)-finite} if every quotient of \(X\) is \(k\)-finite. Objects that are sums of their strongly \(k\)-finite subobjects are called \textit{locally strongly \(k\)-finite}. These objects form a full subcagtegory \(\mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) of \(\mathcal{A}\), which is the central object of study of this paper. In particular, it is shown that \(\mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) is a coreflexive Grothendieck subcategory of \(\mathcal{A}\), which is locally finitely generated, if \(\mathrm{A}\) is so.\N\NAmong many properties of \(\mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) the authors prove in Theorem 4.10 an analogous statement to Theorem 2.1 of \textit{C. Hatipoğlu} and \textit{C. Lomp} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 150, No. 5, 1903--1923 (2022; Zbl 1498.16003)] characterizing when a subcategory of \(\mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) is closed under taking injective envelopes. More precisely, Theorem 4.10 say that for a field \(k\), a locally noetherian \(k\)-linear Grothendieck category \(\mathcal{A}\) and a closed subcategory \(\mathcal{C}\subseteq \mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) the injective envelope in \(\mathcal{A}\) of any \(F\)-simple and strongly \(k\)-finite object \(X\in \mathcal{C}\) lies in \(\mathcal{C}\) if and only if any essential extension \(M\subseteq N\) lies in \(\mathcal{C}\) if \(M\in \mathcal{C}\) and \(N\) is an \(F\)-saturated object.\N\NThe last part of the paper is devoted to what the authors call a \textit{coalgebra object} in \(\mathcal{A}\). For a finitely generated projective object \(F\in \mathcal{A}\) the authors define \(C(F):= R_F^{\mathcal{T}_k}(k)\) as the so-called \textit{coalgebra object associated to \(F\)}, where \(R_F^{\mathcal{T}_k}:\mathrm{Mod}_k \to \mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) is the right adjoint to the (Hom-)functor \(\mathcal{A}(F,-)\). For instance, if \(k\) is a quasi-Frobenius ring, then \(C(F)\) is shown to be an injective object in \(\mathcal{A}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\). The algebra \(C(F)^*=\mathcal{A}(C(F),C(F))\) plays the role of the dual algebra of a coalgebra and any \(M\in \mathcal{Å}^{\mathcal{T}_k}\) becomes naturally a left module over \(C(F)^*\). The main result of this section is a technical characterization of when the trace functor \(t_{\mathcal{B}}(C(F)^*)\) is dense in \(C(F)\), where \(\mathcal{B}\) is a closed subcategory of \(_{C(F)^*}{\mathrm{Mod}}\). As a corollary, the authors obtain a characterization of when \(\mathrm{Loc}_{C(F)^*}(C(F)^*)\) is dense in \(C(F)\), which is analogous to the characterization of a semiperfect coalgebra.