Prosoluble subgroups of free profinite products (Q6652249)

The well-known Kurosh Subgroup Theorem describes the structure of subgroups in free products of abstract groups. However, its profinite analogue does not hold for free profinite products. \textit{M. Jarden} [Commun. Algebra 22, No. 4, 1467--1494 (1994; Zbl 0817.20030)], \textit{F. Pop} [Manuscr. Math. 86, No. 1, 125--135 (1995; Zbl 0827.20038)], \textit{W. Herfort} and \textit{L. Ribes} [in: Group theory, Proc. Conf., Singapore 1987, 391--403 (1989; Zbl 0705.20021)], \textit{R. M. Guralnick} and \textit{D. Haran} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 43, No. 3, 467--477 (2011; Zbl 1228.20025)] explored the profinite analogues of the theorem, focusing on the conditions under which prosoluble subgroups can appear as subgroups of free profinite products. \N\NSpecifically, Pop [loc. cit.] proved the following result:\N\NTheorem 1. Let \(H\) be a prosoluble subgroup of a free profinite product \(G = \coprod_{i \in I} G_i\). Then one of the following holds:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(1)] There exists a prime \(p\) such that \(H \cap gG_ig^{-1}\) is pro-\(p\) for every \(i \in I\) and \(g \in G\).\N\item[(2)] All nontrivial intersections \(H \cap gG_ig^{-1}\) for \(i \in I\) and \(g \in G\) are finite and conjugate in \(H\).\N\item[(3)] A conjugate of \(H\) is a subgroup of \(G_i\) for some \(i \in I\) .\N\end{itemize}\N\NIn the paper under review, the author first refines the second case of Pop's classification result.\N\NThe reviewer and \textit{W. Herfort} [J. Algebra 529, 54--64 (2019; Zbl 1442.20016)] worked on the specific case where all such intersections are pro-\(p\). The following result was proved:\N\NTheorem 1.4. Suppose that \(G = \coprod_{i \in I} G_i\) is the restricted free profinite product of pro-\(p\) groups. Then \(G = Rs(G) \rtimes H\), where \(H\) is an internal restricted free prosoluble product of conjugates of the factors \(G_i\).\N\NIn the same paper [Zbl 1442.20016], the following problems were asked:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[Question 1.2:] Is every prosoluble subgroup \(H\) of a free profinite product \(G = A \coprod B\) of pro-\(p\) groups \(A\) and \(B\) isomorphic to a closed subgroup of the free prosoluble product \(A \coprod_s B\)?\N\item[Question 1.3:] Let \(A\) be a pro-\(p\) group and \(P\) a projective prosoluble group. Does the free profinite product \(G := A \coprod P\) admit a prosoluble retract isomorphic to a free prosoluble product \(A \coprod_s P\)?\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe author here answers these questions affirmatively. Specifically, in \textit{Theorem 5.3}, it is shown that every second countable prosoluble subgroup of a free profinite product is isomorphic to a closed subgroup of a free prosoluble product. Furthermore, \textit{Theorem 5.2} provides a positive answer to Question 1.3 by proving that such a retract exists. These results complete the classification of prosoluble subgroups of free profinite products, showing that any such subgroup is either contained in a conjugate of a free factor, is a Frobenius group or belongs to a free prosoluble product of pro-\(p\) groups.