Schrödinger's equation with gauge coupling derived from a continuity equation (Q735218)

In man's attempts to understand Nature through theoretical approaches, Mathematics and Science, particularly Quantum Mechanics (QM) and its deeper formulations do play a fundamental role. As in the classical realm where the Navier-Stokes equations, Maxwell's equations etc. dominate our thinking and calculations, in the micro-world of matter and radiation it is the Schrödinger Equation (SE) with all its beauty, brevity and effectiveness in demonstrating the computational efficiency that could help us to comprehend and predict the inner details of creation. The wave mechanics for which SE in its varied forms provides the strong central pillar and channel of scientific analysis is in many ways a gate way to discovery. Any investigation towards further unveiling the power of SE is always welcome. The author of the present article under review carefully connects a number of important theoretical ideas and tools such as quantum theory, gauge theory, Continuity Equation (CE) and Time-dependent Planck Constant (TPC). In this 32-page article, following an introduction a detailed formulation of the main problem is given. The situation with no interaction is examined. Attempts to derive interaction are dealt with at length then. Discussions contain a summary of the paper and most important results. The assumptions made in deriving the SE are: (i) The CE holds for probability density \(\rho\) and a probability current \(j\), (ii) The system may be described by complex state function, and (iii) The state function obeys a linear partial differential equation. The quantization procedure without Hamiltonian reported here starts from a statistical ensemble of particles of mass \(m\) and an associated CE. The basic variables are \(\rho\) and \(j= \rho\bullet\nabla S/m\), \(S\) representing a scalar field. A few Ansatz are introduced enabling the setting up of a generalized SE with an unusual external influence described by a TPC. Suitable gauge transformation and procedure help in arriving at a SE with electrodynamic potentials in a familiar gauge coupling format. This derivation shows a deep connection between non-uniqueness, QM and the form of gauge coupling. It is claimed that the present quantization method is conceptually simpler than the conventional one. There are 2 Appendices describing some calculational details, 26 references and 169 equations in this 7-section paper of direct importance to the study of SE in a very modern context.