Resolution of singularities of threefolds in mixed characteristic: case of small multiplicity (Q742208)

From the authors' introduction: ``This article is part of the authors' program whose purpose is to prove the following conjecture on Resolution of Singularities of threefolds in mixed characteristic. The conjecture is a special case of Grothendieck's Resolution conjecture for quasi-excellent schemes. Conjecture 1.1 Let \(C\) be an integral regular excellent curve with function field \(F\). Let \(S/F\) be a reduced algebraic projective surface and \(\mathcal X\) be a flat projective \(C\)-scheme with generic fiber \({\mathcal X}_F =S\). There exists a birational projective \(C\)-morphism \(\pi :{\mathcal Y} \to \mathcal X\) such that {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \({\mathcal Y}\) is everywhere regular. \item[(ii)] \(\pi^{-1}(\text{Reg} {\mathcal X}) \to \text{Reg} {\mathcal X} \) is an isomorphism.'' \end{itemize}} In a previous paper [J. Algebra 320, No. 3, 1051--1082 (2008; Zbl 1159.14009)], the authors have developed equicharacteristic techniques which extend to that situation. Using classical invariants introduced by Hironaka, they present a proof of the following: Main Theorem 1.3. Let \((R, {\mathcal M}, k=k(x):= R/{\mathcal M} )\) be an excellent regular local ring of dimension four, \((Z,x):= (\text{Spec} R,{\mathcal M})\) and \((X,x):= (\text{Spec} R/(h),x)\) be a reduced hypersurface. Assume that the multiplicity \(m(x)\) of \((X,x)\) satisfies \(m(x) < p:=\text{char} k(x)\). Let \(v\) be a valuation of \(K(X)\) centered at \(x\). Then there exists a finite sequence of local blowing ups \[ (X,x)=:(X_0,x_0) \leftarrow (X_1,x_1) \leftarrow \dots \leftarrow (X_n,x_n) , \] where \(x_i\in X_i\), \(0\leq i \leq n\) is the center of \(v\), each blowing up center \(Y_i\subset X_i\) is permissible at \(x_i\) (in Hironaka's sense), such that \(x_n\) is regular. The authors point out that the methods applied are global in nature and thus an extension of the main theorem to a global version should be possible.