Some exceptional phenomena in multifractal formalism. I (Q819608)

For an iterated function system (IFS) \(\{S_j\}_{j=1}^N\) of contractive similitudes on \({\mathbb R}^d\) and a probability vector \(\{p_j\}_{j=1}^N\), there exists a unique probability measure \(\mu\) such that \[ \mu = \sum_{j=1}^N p_j \mu \circ S_j^{-1}, \tag{1} \] which is called the self-similar measure associated with \(\{S_j\}_{j=1}^N\) and \(\{p_j\}_{j=1}^N\). When the IFS \(\{S_j\}_{j=1}^N\) satisfies the open set condition (OSC), the \(L^q\)-spectrum \(\tau(q)\) of \(\mu\) is given explicitly by \(\sum_{j=1}^N p_j \, r_j^{-\tau(q)} = 1,\) where \(r_j\) is the contraction ratio of \(S_j\), and the multifractal formalism holds [see \textit{R. Cawley} and \textit{R. D. Mauldin}, Adv. Math. 92, No.~2, 196--236 (1992; Zbl 0763.58018) and \textit{K.-S. Lau} and \textit{S.-M. Ngai}, [ibid. 141, No.~1, 45--96 (1999; Zbl 0929.28007)]. However, for measures arising from iterated function systems with overlaps, their \(L^q\)-spectra and multifractal structures are complicated to study. In this paper the authors establish explicit expression for the \(L^q\)-spectrum \(\tau(q)\) of the 3-fold convolution of the Cantor measure \[ \tau(q) = \begin{cases} q \log _3 8 + \log_3 \tilde{r}(q) \;\;&\text{ if } q \geq q_0\\ q \log _3 8 \;\;&\text{ if } q < q_0, \end{cases} \] where \(\tilde{r}(q)\) satisfies \(3^q \sum_{k=0}^\infty \tilde{s}_k(q) \tilde{r}(q)^{k+1} = 1\), \(q_0\) satisfies \(\tilde{r}(q_0)=1\). Moreover, they prove that \(\tilde{r}(q)\) is differentiable except at \(q_0\). Their techniques are to express \(\mu\) in (1) as a vector measure such that the corresponding new IFS satisfies the OSC and then use the renewal theorem.