Positive and dead-core solutions of two-point singular boundary value problems with \(\varphi \)-Laplacian (Q963098)

This paper is devoted to the solvability of the boundary value problem \[ \begin{cases} (\phi(u'(t)))'=\lambda f(t,u(t),u'(t)),&0<t<T,\;\lambda>0,\\ u(0)-\alpha u'(0)=A,\;u(T)+\beta u'(0)+\gamma u'(T)=A,&\alpha,A>0,\;\beta,\gamma\geq0,\end{cases} \] where \(\phi\in C(\mathbb{R})\) is an increasing and odd homeomorphism such that \(\phi(\mathbb{R})=\mathbb{R},\) and the main nonlinearity \(f(t,x,y)\) satisfies the Carathéodory conditions on \([0,T]\times D\), \(D=(0,(1+\beta/\alpha)A]\times(R\setminus\{0\}),\) may be singular at \(y=0\) and \(\lim_{x\to0^+}f(t,x,y)=\infty\) for a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\) and each \(y\in \mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}.\) It is supposed also that \[ \varphi(t)\leq f(t,x,y)\leq(p_1(x)+p_2(x))(\omega_1(|y|)+\omega_2(|y|))+\psi(t) \] for a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\) and all \((x,y)\in D,\) where \(\varphi,\psi\in L^1[0,T],\;p_1\in C(0,(1+\beta/\alpha)A]\cap L^1[0,(1+\beta/\alpha)A],\;\omega_1\in C(0,\infty),\;p_2\in C[0,(1+\beta/\alpha)A]\) and \(\omega_2\in C[0,\infty)\) are positive, \(p_1,\omega_1\) are nonincreasing, \(p_2,\omega_2\) are nondecreasing, \(\omega_2(u)\geq u\) for \(u\in [0,\infty)\) and \[ \int_0^{\infty}{{\phi^{-1}(s)}\over{\omega_2(\phi^{-1}(s))}}ds=\infty. \] Using regularization and sequential techniques, the author establishes the existence of a \(C^1[0,T]\)-solution to the considered problem which is either a positive solution, a pseudo-dead-core solution or a dead-core solution. In fact, the function \(u(t)\in C^1[0,T]\) satisfying the boundary conditions is a dead-core(pseudo-dead-core) solution of the boundary value problem if there exist \(0<t_1<t_2<T\; (0<t_1=t_2<T)\) such that \(u=0\) on \([t_1,t_2],\) \(u>0\) on \([0,T]\setminus[t_1,t_2],\) \(\phi(u')\in AC[0,T]\) and the differential equation is satisfied for a.e. \(t\in[0,T]\setminus[t_1,t_2].\)