Special function identities from superelliptic Kummer varieties

DOI10.4310/AJM.2017.V21.N5.A6MaRDI QIDQ1693284zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Adrian Clingher, C. F. Doran, Andreas Malmendier

Publication date 12 February 2018

Published in The Asian Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.06435

zbMATH Keywords

fibrationshypergeometric functionsKummer surfacesproduct-quotient surfacesspecial function identitiessuperelliptic curves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fibrations, degenerations in algebraic geometry (14D06) Variation of Hodge structures (algebro-geometric aspects) (14D07) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Surfaces of general type (14J29) Appell, Horn and Lauricella functions (33C65)

Abstract: We prove that the factorization of Appell's generalized hypergeometric series satisfying the so-called quadric property into a product of two Gauss' hypergeometric functions has a geometric origin: we first construct a generalized Kummer variety as minimal nonsingular model for a product-quotient surface with only rational double points from a pair of superelliptic curves of genus $2r-1$ with $rinmathbbN$. We then show that this generalized Kummer variety is equipped with two fibrations with fibers of genus $2r-1$. When periods of a holomorphic two-form over carefully crafted transcendental two-cycles on the generalized Kummer variety are evaluated using either of the two fibrations, the answer must be independent of the fibration and the aforementioned family of special function identities is obtained. This family of identities can be seen as a multivariate generalization of Clausen's Formula. Interestingly, this paper's finding bridges Ernst Kummer's two independent lines of research, algebraic transformations for the Gauss' hypergeometric function and nodal surfaces of degree four in $mathbb{P}^3$.

Review text

This article shows the geometry behind the well-known reduction formula by Barnes and Bailey [\textit{W. N. Bailey}, Q. J. Math., Oxf. II. Ser. 10, 236--240 (1959; Zbl 0087.28204)] that implies the factorization of Appell's generalized hypergeometric series into a product of two Gauss' hypergeometric functions. The main results are formulated in the following theorem Theorem. (a) Every Appell hypergeometric function with rational parameters satisfying the quadric property can be obtained as period integral of a suitable holomorphic two-form on the generalized Kummer variety of two superelliptic curves. (b) The Multivariate Clausen Identity of Barnes and Baily follows entirely from geometry, that is, from the existence of an isotrivial fibration and a second non-isotrivial fibration on the generalized Kummer variety of two superelliptic curves. The authors first construct a surface of general type as minimal nonsingular model of a product-quotient surface with only rational double points from a pair of superelliptic curves of genus \(2r-1\) with \(r\in{\mathbb{N}}\). Then they show that this generalized Kummer variety is equipped with two fibrations with general fiber of genus \(2r-1\). Next, the authors prove that the Multivariate Clausen Identity realizes the equality of periods of a holomorphic two-form evaluated over a suitable two-cycle using the structure of either of the two constructed fibrations.

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Cited in

(10)

• Appell's hypergeometric function \(F_ 2\) and periods of certain elliptic K3 surfaces
• Jacobian elliptic Kummer surfaces and special function identities
• On the duality of F-theory and the CHL string in seven dimensions
• Kummer sandwiches and Greene-Plesser construction
• Isogenies of certain \(K3\) surfaces of rank 18
• Counting rational points on Kummer surfaces
• Nikulin involutions and the CHL string
• Supercharacters, elliptic curves, and the sixth moment of Kloosterman sums
• On K3 surfaces of Picard rank 14
• On holomorphic conformal structures associated with lattice polarized K3 surfaces

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