Spectral density of a one-dimensional quantum Ising model: Gaussian and multi-Gaussian approximations

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/47/33/335201MaRDI QIDQ2878639zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Y. Y. Atas, E. Bogomolny

Publication date 4 September 2014

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6858

zbMATH Keywords

quantum many-bodyquantum spin cahinsspectral density

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Gaussian processes (60G15) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: Spectral density of quantum Ising model in two fields for large but finite number of spins $N$, is discussed in detail. When all coupling constants are of the same order, spectral densities in the bulk are well approximated by a Gaussian function which is typical behaviour for many-body models with short-range interactions. The main part of the paper is devoted to the investigation of a different characteristic case when spectral densities have peaks related with strong degeneracies of unperturbed states in certain limits of coupling constants. In the strict limit $Noinfty$, peaks overlap and disappear but for values of $N$ accessible in numerical calculations they often strongly influence spectral densities and other quantities as well. A simple method is developed which permits to find general approximation formulae for multi-peak structure of spectral density in good agreement with numerics.

Review text

The purpose of the paper is to discuss the spectral densities of one-dimensional spin chains. As a typical example, the authors consider the quantum spin-\({1\over 2}\) Ising model in transverse and longitudinal fields. Let \(N\) be the number of spins. It is confirmed that, in the thermodynamic limit \(N\to \infty\), the spectral densities of the Ising model, when all coupling constants are of the order of unity, attain a Gaussian form, even at a relatively small \(N\). Moreover, different types of corrections at large but finite \(N\) are discussed. The simplest are corrections to the equation of a Gaussian form in inverse powers of \(N\), in close analogy with the usual corrections to the central limit theorem. The second kind of correction is more drastic, because it manifests as pronounced peaks in the spectral density. These peaks are related to strong degeneracies of the eigenvalues in certain limits of the coupling constants. A simple method is developed which permits to obtain approximate formulae describing well multi-peaks spectral densities that are in good agreement with numerical calculations for different values of the coupling constants. Limiting densities are represented as a sum of different Gaussian functions (multi-Gaussians), whose parameters are calculated analytically from the Hamiltonian without the full solution of the problem.

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