Spectral gaps of almost Mathieu operators in the exponential regime

Abstract: For almost Mathieu operator

(H_{l a m b d a, a l p h a, h e t a} u)_{n} = u_{n + 1} + u_{n - 1} + 2 l a m b d a c o s 2 p i (h e t a + n a l p h a) u_{n}

, the dry version of Ten Martini problem predicts that the spectrum

S i g m a_{l a m b d a, a l p h a}

of

H_{l a m b d a, a l p h a, h e t a}

has all gaps open for all

l a m b d a e q 0

and

. Avila and Jitomirskaya prove that

S i g m a_{l a m b d a, a l p h a}

has all gaps open for Diophantine

a l p h a

and

0 < | l a m b d a | < 1

. In the present paper, we show that

S i g m a_{l a m b d a, a l p h a}

has all gaps open for all

with small

l a m b d a

.

Review text

Summary: For an almost Mathieu operator $(H_{\lambda,\alpha,\theta}u)_n=u_{n+1}+u_{n-1}+2\lambda \cos2\pi(\theta+n\alpha)u_n$, the dry version of the Ten Martini problem predicts that the spectrum $\Sigma_{\lambda,\alpha}$ of $ H_{\lambda,\alpha,\theta}$ has all gaps open for all $\lambda\neq 0$ and $ \alpha \in \mathbb{R}\backslash \mathbb{Q}$. \textit{A. Avila} and \textit{S. Jitomirskaya} [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 12, No.~1, 93--131 (2010; Zbl 1185.47028)] proved that $\Sigma_{\lambda,\alpha}$ has all gaps open for Diophantine $\alpha$ and $0<|\lambda|<1$. In the present paper, we show that $\Sigma_{\lambda,\alpha}$ has all gaps open for all $ \alpha \in \mathbb{R}\backslash \mathbb{Q}$ with small $\lambda$.

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