Splittings of toric ideals of graphs

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Given a simple graph \(G\), the incidence matrix of \(G\) is used to define a toric ideal associated to \(G\), \(I_G\). The toric ideal \(I_G\) is said to be \textit{splittable} if there exist two proper subgraphs \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) of \(G\) such that \(I_G=I_{G_1}+I_{G_2}\).\N\NThe authors introduce the notion \textit{ edge splitting} (Definition 2.4) and show that \(I_G\) is splittable if and only if it is edge splittable (Theorem 2.10). This result is applied to toric ideal of complete bipartite graphs, which are shown to be not splittable (Corollary 2.12). Furthermore, the authors prove that the toric ideal of a complete graph \(K_n\) is splittable for \(n \ge 4\) (Theorem 3.2).\N\NThe rest of the paper is devoted to the study of \textit{minimal splittings} (Definition 3.3) and \textit{reduced splittings} (Definition 4.1).











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