Stability in gilpin-ayala competition models with diffusion

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The role of spatial heterogeneity and dispersal in the dynamics of populations has been an important research subject. As \textit{M. E. Gilpin} and \textit{F. J. Ayala} [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3590-3593 (1973; Zbl 0272.92016)] pointed out, the Lotka-Volterra systems are the linearization of the per capita growth rates \(\dot N_i/N_i\) at the equilibrium. In order to fit data in their experiments and to yield significantly more accurate results, Gilpin and Ayala claimed that a slightly more complicated model was needed and proposed the following competition model: \[ {dN_i\over dt}= r_iN_i\Biggl(1- (N_i/K_i)^{\theta_i}- \sum^m_{_{\substack{ j=1\\ j\neq i}}}\alpha_{ij}(N_j/K_j)\Biggr),\quad i=1,\dots,m. \] Here \(N_i\) are the population densities, \(r_i\) are the intrinsic exponential growth rates, \(K_i\) are the carrying capacities in the absence of competition, and \(\theta_i\) are the parameters to modify the classical Lotka-Volterra model. In this paper, we incorporate spatial diffusion in the Gilpin-Ayala competition model. Stability investigations of the nontrivial equilibrium of the Gilpin-Ayala competition model are given. A generalized Gilpin-Ayala model with diffusion, where the interactions are assumed to be also nonlinear, is proposed and the stability of the nontrivial equilibrium is studied.




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