Stability of Discrete Dichotomies for Linear Difference Systems
The authors discuss the roughness of discrete \((h,k)\)-dichotomies of linear difference systems of the form \[ x(n+1)= A(x)x(n), \qquad n\in\mathbb{N}, \tag{1} \] where \(\{A(n)\}\) is a sequence of \(r\times r\) invertible complex constant matrices, \(\{x(n)\}\) is the unknown \(r\)-dimensional sequence. Let \(h= \{h(n)\}\) and \(k= \{k(n)\}\) be sequences of positive numbers. The system (1) is said to have an \((h,k)\)-dichotomy if there exists a projection matrix \(P\), and a positive constant \(K\) such that \[ |\Phi(n) P\Phi^{-1}(m)|\leq Kh(n)h(m)^{-1},\;n\geq m;\quad |\Phi(n)(I-P)\Phi^{-1} (m)|\leq Kk(n)k(m)^{-1}, \;m\geq n, \] where \(\Phi(n)\) stands for the well-known fundamental matrix of (1) and \(I\) denotes the \(r\times r\) identity matrix. The roughness question is as follows: For what kind of \(B(n)\) the perturbed system \[ y(n+1)= [A(n)+B(n)]y(n), \qquad n\in\mathbb{N}, \] has an \((h,k)\)-dichotomy coinciding to that of the system (1)? Here \(A(n)+ B(n)\) is assumed to be invertible. Let \((B,D)\) be a pair of sequence spaces. Consider the nonhomogeneous system \[ x(n+1)= A(n)x(n)+ f(n), \qquad n\in\mathbb{N}, \tag{2} \] the authors call the pair of spaces \((B,D)\) admissible for the equation (2) if for any function \(f\in D\), there exists at least one solution of system (2) belonging to the space \(B\). Many admissibility results are obtained in Theorem 1-4. Then discrete \((h,k)\)-dichotomies are characterized by these results which leads to the main results of the paper given in Theorem 5 and 6. Namely, the discrete \((h,k)\)-dichotomies of (1) are rough under summable perturbations \(B(n)\). It is also proved that the discrete Levinson dichotomy can be treated as a collection of usual \(h\)-dichotomies. Several misprints are in the paper.
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