Stability of planar waves in reaction-diffusion system

DOI10.1007/S11425-011-4210-0MaRDI QIDQ763618zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 29 March 2012

Published in Science China. Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-011-4210-0

competition-diffusion system nonlocal delays sup-sub solution traveling wave fronts

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Traveling wave solutions (35C07) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic systems (35K45) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Review text

The authors consider the following Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion system \[ \begin{cases} u_t=\Delta u+u\left( 1-u-k_1v\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R},\,t>0, \\ v_t=\Delta u+rv\left( 1-k_2u-v\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R},\,t>0,\end{cases} \] with the initial data \[ \begin{cases} u\left( x,y,0\right) =u_0\left( x,y\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R}, \\ v\left( x,y,0\right) =v_0\left( x,y\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R},\end{cases} \] where \(n\geq 2\), \(k_1\), \(k_2\) and \(r\) are positive constants. It is well-known that the system with \(n=1\) admits a traveling wave front with the form \(\left( u\left( y,t\right) ,v\left( y,t\right) \right) =\left( \phi \left( y+ct\right) ,\psi \left( y+ct\right) \right) \) and the wave speed \(c>0\), connecting \(\left( 0,1\right) \) and \(\left( 1,0\right) \), where \( \phi =\phi \left( \xi \right) \), \(\psi =\psi \left( \xi \right) \), \(\xi =y+ct\) satisfy \[ \begin{cases} \phi ^{\prime \prime }-c\phi ^{\prime }+\phi \left( 1-\phi -k_1\psi \right) =0, \\ \psi ^{\prime \prime }-c\psi ^{\prime }+r\psi \left( 1-\psi -k_2\varphi \right) =0, \\ \phi ^{\prime }>0,\psi ^{\prime }<0, \\ {\lim }_{\xi \rightarrow -\infty }\left( \varphi ,\psi \right) =\left( 0,1\right), \;\;{\lim }_{\xi \rightarrow \infty }\left( \varphi ,\psi \right) =\left( 1,0\right). \end{cases} \] Starting from here, the authors consider \( n\geq 2\). Considering \(u^{*}=u\) and \(v^{*}=1-v\), the authors obtain the following cooperative model: \[ \begin{cases} u_t=\Delta u+u\left( 1-k_1-u+k_1v\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R}^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R},\,t>0, \\ v_t=\Delta u+r\left( 1-v\right) \left( k_2u-v\right) ,\,x\in \mathbb{R} ^{n-1},\,y\in \mathbb{R},\,t>0.\end{cases} \] The problem corresponding to a traveling wave front \(\left( u\left( x,t\right) ,v\left( x,t\right) \right) =\left( \phi \left( \xi \right) ,\psi \left( \xi \right) \right) \), connecting \(\left( 0,0\right) \) and \(\left( 1,1\right) \) is \[ \begin{cases} \phi ^{\prime \prime }-c\phi ^{\prime }+\phi \left( 1-k_1-\phi +k_1\psi \right) =0, \\ \psi ^{\prime \prime }-c\psi ^{\prime }+r\left( 1-\psi \right) \left( k_2\phi -\psi \right) =0, \\ \phi ^{\prime }>0,\psi ^{\prime }>0, \\ {\lim }_{\xi \rightarrow -\infty }\left( \varphi ,\psi \right) =\left( 0,0\right), \;\;{\lim }_{\xi \rightarrow \infty }\left( \varphi ,\psi \right) =\left( 1,1\right).\end{cases} \] Under initial perturbation, the authors prove that the perturbed solution converges uniformly to a planar wave as \(t\rightarrow \infty\). Furthermore, the authors consider a Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion system with nonlocal delays, for which they establish the stability of planar waves by transforming the delayed equations into a non-delayed reaction-diffusion system.

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