Stability properties of exchange rings

Publication date 30 October 2001

cancellation direct sums exchange rings finitely generated projective modules K-groups separativity stable ranks

Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) Grothendieck groups, (K)-theory, etc. (16E20) von Neumann regular rings and generalizations (associative algebraic aspects) (16E50) (K_0) of other rings (19A49) Stable range conditions (19B10)

Review text

Exchange rings were introduced by \textit{R. B. Warfield} [Math. Ann. 199, 31-36 (1972; Zbl 0238.16024)]; they are the rings \(R\) for which the right module \(R_R\) (equivalently, the left module \(_RR\)) satisfies the finite exchange property of \textit{P. Crawley} and \textit{B. Jónsson} [Pac. J. Math. 14, 797-855 (1964; Zbl 0134.25504)]. Here the author surveys recent work on the K-theory of exchange rings, and gives some new results as well as some new proofs of known results. His main themes are stable rank, separative cancellation, and the groups \(K_0\) and \(K_1\). We indicate samples of these themes; let \(R\) denote an exchange ring. The non-stable K-theory of \(R\) is partially encoded in the monoid \(V(R)\) of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective \(R\)-modules \(A\). The author first discusses how the stable rank of the endomorphism ring of \(A\) is determined by the class of \(A\) in \(V(R)\) (equivalently, by certain direct sum cancellation properties of \(A\)); theorems of the author, \textit{K. C. O'Meara, E. Pardo}, and the reviewer [Isr. J. Math. 105, 105-137 (1998; Zbl 0908.16002)] and \textit{T. Wu} and \textit{Y. Xu} [Commun. Algebra 25, No. 7, 2355-2363 (1997; Zbl 0887.16006)] are given a unified treatment. Non-unital exchange rings are discussed, together with the author's extension criterion: If \(I\) is an ideal of a ring \(L\), then \(L\) is an exchange ring if and only if both \(I\) and \(L/I\) are exchange rings and the canonical map \(K_0(L)\to K_0(L/I)\) is surjective [J. Algebra 197, No. 2, 409-423 (1997; Zbl 0890.16003)]. Several equivalent formulations of the separative cancellation condition studied by the author, \textit{K. C. O'Meara, E. Pardo}, and the reviewer [op. cit.] are discussed. (Expressed in \(V(R)\), this is the well known semigroup condition \(2a=a+b=2b\implies a=b\). No examples of non-separative exchange rings are known.) The author, \textit{K. C. O'Meara, R. Raphael} and the reviewer proved that when \(R\) is a separative exchange ring, the canonical map \(\text{GL}_1(R)\to K_1(R)\) is surjective [Pac. J. Math. 195, No. 2, 261-275 (2000; Zbl 1108.46311)], and the author develops a new relative version of the result here. The paper concludes with a lifting theorem of \textit{F. Perera} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 522, 51-62 (2000; Zbl 0953.46029)]: If a (non-unital) separative exchange ring \(I\) is an ideal in a unital (not necessarily exchange) ring \(R\), then a unit \(u\) in \(R/I\) can be lifted to a unit in \(R\) if and only if the class of \(u\) lies in the kernel of the index map \(K_1(R/I)\to K_0(I)\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0956.00038].

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