Stickelberger series and main conjecture for function fields

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Abstract: Let F be a global function field of characteristic p with ring of integers A and let Phi be a Hayes module on the Hilbert class field H(A) of F. We prove an Iwasawa Main Conjecture for the Z_p^infty-extension F/F generated by the mathfrak{p}-power torsion of Phi (mathfrak{p} a prime of A). The main tool is a Stickelberger series whose specialization provides a generator for the Fitting ideal of the class group of F. Moreover we prove that the same series, evaluated at complex or p-adic characters, interpolates the Goss Zeta-function or some p-adic L-function, thus providing the link between the algebraic structure (class groups) and the analytic functions, which is the crucial part of Iwasawa Main Conjecture.


The first named author proved an Iwasawa main conjecture for the Carlitz cyclotomic extension of a rational function field \(\mathbb F_q(t)\) in joint work with \emph{B. Anglès}, \emph{F. Bars} and \emph{I. Longhi} [Math. Ann. 376, No. 1-2, 475--523 (2020; Zbl 1454.11211)]. In this paper the authors extend this result to general function fields \(F\) of characteristic \(p\) or, equivalently, to function fields of smooth projective curves defined over a finite field \(\mathbb F_q\), where \(q\) is a \(p\)-power. Let \(H\) be the Hilbert class field of \(F\), which is the maximal abelian unramified extension of \(F\) which is totally split at a chosen place \(\infty\). Let \(H\{\tau\}\) be the skew-polynomial ring in one variable \(\tau\) with coefficients in \(H\), where \(\tau f = f^q \tau\) for all \(f \in H\). A Hayes module is a homomorphism of \(\mathbb F_q\)-algebras \(\Phi: F \rightarrow H\{\tau\}\) satisfying certain conditions. In particular, it is a Drinfeld module of rank \(1\). Fix a prime \(\mathfrak p\) of \(F\) and let \(F_n\) be the field obtained from \(H\) by adjoining all \(\mathfrak p^{n+1}\)-torsion points of \(\Phi\). Then \(F_n\) is an abelian extension of \(F\) which is ramified only at \(\mathfrak p\) and \(\infty\). Set \(\mathcal{F} := \bigcup_n F_n\). Then \(\mathcal F / F_0\) is abelian with Galois group \(\Gamma_{\infty} \simeq \mathbb Z_p^{\infty}\). If \(F = \mathbb F_q(t)\), then \(H = F\) and the Carlitz module is the map \(F \rightarrow F\{\tau\}, t \mapsto t + \tau\). \par The authors (mainly) assume that \([F_0:F]\) is prime to \(p\) so that the Iwasawa algebra \(\mathbb Z_p[[\mathrm{Gal}(\mathcal{F}/F)]]\) decomposes into `\(\chi\)-parts', where \(\chi\) runs over the irreducible characters of \(\mathrm{Gal}(F_0/F)\). The authors also exclude the case, where the restriction of \(\chi\) to \(\mathrm{Gal}(F_0/H)\) is trivial. This case is considered in a subsequent paper with \emph{F. Bars} [J. Number Theory 232, 261--282 (2022; Zbl 1485.11161)]. \par On the algebraic side the authors study the inverse limit of the \(p\)-\(\chi\)-parts of the class groups of degree zero divisors of \(F_n\). This is a finitely generated torsion \(\mathbb Z_p[\chi][[\Gamma_{\infty}]]\)-module. The main result then states that its Fitting ideal is generated by a certain Stickelberger element.\par The overall strategy is the same as in the previous paper on the Carlitz cyclotomic extension. In particular, an important ingredient is again a result of \emph{C. Popescu} and \emph{C. Greither} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2012, No. 5, 986--1036 (2012; Zbl 1254.11063)] on the Galois module structure, including the computation of certain Fitting ideals, of \(p\)-adic realizations of Picard \(1\)-motives and class groups of global function fields.



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