Stochastic models in reliability and maintenance

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[The articles of this volume will not be indexed individually.] This book represents a comprehensive review on the state of the art in models and methods used for measuring and improving the dependability of systems and components. It consists of 12 articles written mainly by Japanese researches. The first one, authored by \textit{T. Dohi}, \textit{N. Kaio} and \textit{S. Osaki}, gives a systematic survey on computational aspects related to renewal functions. It starts with theorems, states various properties and lists the associated relevant numerical methods. The second article, by \textit{M. Ohnishi}, gives an outline on stochastic order relations and applies them to reliability theory for describing ageing properties, deriving inequalities and conducting comparisons particularly of different policies. The authors of the first article are also responsible for the third one which gives an overview on classical preventive maintenance policies. Block replacement, age replacement, order replacement and inspection strategies are presented. \textit{H. Christer} treats delay time analysis in order to model the relationship between performance of equipment and maintenance interventions. His paper covers models for plants and components, non-perfect inspections, non-steady-state conditions and non-homogeneous defect arrival rates. Estimation of the actual values of relevant parameters is discussed in some detail. The fifth article by \textit{T. Nakagawa} investigates imperfect preventive maintenance with multiplicative reduction of age or failure rate in conjunction with a sequential maintenance policy. The expected costs are derived and optimal policies determined. The subsequent article by \textit{M. Kijima} introduces generalized renewal processes as counting processes based on Markovian partial sum processes and states their properties. These are applied to a repair model. The seventh article by \textit{T. Nakagawa} is devoted to achieving high reliability by redundancy. A two-unit redundancy model is investigated and optimal preventive policies are derived. \textit{H. Kawai}, \textit{J. Koyanagi} and \textit{M. Ohnishi} determine various optimal inspection and replacement policies in the case that the system can be described by a deteriorating Markov process. \textit{A. Csenki} gives a tutorial review on the analysis of semi-Markov models. Dependability measures are introduced, the relevant methods stated and, finally, numerical techniques discussed. The 10 th article by \textit{S. Yamada} deals with software reliability. The model describes the program as a mapping of the input space (data) to the output space (interruptions). Models for the growth of software reliability, for imperfect debugging and software availability are described and the release problem, the testing progress problem and finally the effort allocation problem are briefly addressed. The following article by \textit{K. Yasui}, \textit{T. Nakagawa} and \textit{H. Sandoh} investigates means for improving the reliability of data transmission. Forward-error correction, automation-repeat-request schemes and a combination of both are discussed and optimal strategies derived. The last article by \textit{C. Papadopoulos} and \textit{N. Limnios} is devoted to the determination of the probability of rare events by simulation. Two methods are proposed, namely importance sampling and the analytical-statistical method, both aiming at reducing the variance. Importance sampling changes the probabilistic structure of the system, while analytical-statistical methods are based on combining efficiently simulations with analytical solutions.




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