Strictly Positive Definite Functions on Spheres
Denote by \(S^ m\) the unit sphere in the Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^{m+1}\). The geodesic distance on \(S^ m\) is given by \(d_ m(x,y) = \text{Arccos}\langle x,y\rangle\). A continuous function \(g: [0,\pi] \to \mathbb{R}\) is called positive definite on \(S^ m\) if the \(n\times n\)-matrix \(A\) with elements \(A_{ij} = g(d_ m(x_ i,x_ j))\) for any \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) and any \(x_ 1,\dots,x_ n \in S^ m\) is nonnegative definite. In the paper `Positive definite functions on spheres' [Duke Math. J. 9, 96-108 (1942)], \textit{I. Schoenberg} characterized the positive definite functions on \(S^ m\) as those functions of the form \(g(t) = \sum^ \infty_{k=0} a_ kP_ k^{(\lambda)}(\cos t)\), where \(a_ k \leq 0\), \(P^{(\lambda)}_ k(x)\) are the ultraspherical polynomials with parameter \(\lambda = (m- 1)/2\) and \(\sum a_ kP_ k^{(\lambda)}(1) < \infty\). In the present paper the authors investigate strictly positive definite functions on \(S^ m\), i.e., the above matrix \(A\) is positive definite for all sets of \(n\) distinct points \(x_ 1,\dots,x_ n\in S^ m\). They prove that the \(n\times n\)-matrix \(A\) with elements as above is positive definite if the coefficients \(a_ k\) of the expansion of \(g\) are positive for \(k = 0,\dots, n\). (In case of \(m=1\) it is sufficient to have \(a_ k > 0\) for \(k = 0,\dots,[n/2]\).) As a corollary one gets that \(g\) is strictly positive definite if all \(a_ k\) are positive.
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3467565 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3477793 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 939302 (Why is no real title available?)
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