Strong factorization of ultradifferentiable vectors associated with compact Lie group representations

DOI10.1093/IMRN/RNAF157MaRDI QIDQ6924931zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Andreas Debrouwere, Michiel Huttener, J. Vindas

Publication date 26 September 2025

Published in IMRN. International Mathematics Research Notices (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1093/IMRN/RNAF157

analytic and Gevrey vectors compact Lie groups representation theory strong factorization ultradifferentiable vectors

Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Representations of groups, semigroups, etc. (aspects of abstract harmonic analysis) (43A65) Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05) Differentiable maps on manifolds (58C25)

Review text

This paper establishes a strong \textit{J. Dixmier} and \textit{P. Malliavin} [Bull. Sci. Math., II. Sér. 102, 305--330 (1978; Zbl 0392.43013)] type factorization theorem for spaces of ultradifferentiable vectors associated with representations of compact Lie groups. Let \(G\) be a compact Lie group and \(\pi\) a representation of \(G\) on a sequentially complete locally convex Hausdorff space \(E\). For a broad class of weight functions \(\sigma\) in the sense of \textit{R. W. Braun} et al. [Result. Math. 17, No. 3--4, 206--237 (1990; Zbl 0735.46022)], the authors consider the space \(E[\sigma]\) of ultradifferentiable vectors of Beurling or Roumieu type. The main result asserts that \(E[\sigma]\) enjoys the \emph{bounded strong factorization property} as a left module over the convolution algebra \(E[\sigma](G)\) of ultradifferentiable functions on \(G\). In particular, every ultradifferentiable vector can be written as a single convolution of an ultradifferentiable function with another ultradifferentiable vector, with quantitative control on bounded sets.\N\NThis theorem has several important consequences. In the Roumieu case corresponding to real analytic weights, the result settles affirmatively a conjecture of \textit{H. Gimperlein} et al. [J. Funct. Anal. 262, No. 2, 667--681 (2012; Zbl 1234.22006)] on the strong factorization of analytic vectors, previously known only for Euclidean groups. As further corollaries, the authors recover and extend the classical strong factorization theorem by Dixmier and Malliavin [loc. cit.] for smooth vectors on compact Lie groups, providing a new proof that applies to representations on general sequentially complete locally convex spaces rather than only Fréchet spaces. The results also apply to Gevrey vectors and more general ultradifferentiable classes, thereby unifying and significantly extending earlier work on smooth and analytic vectors in representation theory.\N\NThe methods combine techniques from ultradifferentiable function theory, harmonic analysis on compact Lie groups and functional analysis. A key ingredient is a detailed analysis of vector-valued ultradifferentiable function spaces on real analytic manifolds, formulated via weight functions and complemented by a bornological framework. Using the Laplace-Beltrami operator on \(G\), the authors characterize ultradifferentiable functions by growth conditions on iterates of the Laplacian. The technical core of the paper is a Fourier-analytic description of ultradifferentiable functions and vectors via the Peter-Weyl theorem: ultradifferentiability is translated into precise decay conditions on matrix-valued Fourier coefficients. The factorization problem is then reduced to a division problem at the level of these coefficients, which can be solved using the specific spectral properties of compact Lie groups.

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