Strongly non-embeddable metric spaces

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2011.11.041MaRDI QIDQ409513zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Casey Kelleher, Daniel Miller, Trenton Osborn, Anthony Weston

Publication date 13 April 2012

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5300

zbMATH Keywords

coarse embeddinglocally finite metric spaceuniform embedding

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Distance in graphs (05C12) Embeddings of discrete metric spaces into Banach spaces; applications in topology and computer science (46B85) Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) Nonlinear functional analysis (46T99) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35)

Abstract: Enflo constructed a countable metric space that may not be uniformly embedded into any metric space of positive generalized roundness. Dranishnikov, Gong, Lafforgue and Yu modified Enflo's example to construct a locally finite metric space that may not be coarsely embedded into any Hilbert space. In this paper we meld these two examples into one simpler construction. The outcome is a locally finite metric space $(mathfrakZ,zeta)$ which is strongly non embeddable in the sense that it may not be embedded uniformly or coarsely into any metric space of non zero generalized roundness. Moreover, we show that both types of embedding may be obstructed by a common recursive principle. It follows from our construction that any metric space which is Lipschitz universal for all locally finite metric spaces may not be embedded uniformly or coarsely into any metric space of non zero generalized roundness. Our construction is then adapted to show that the group $$ admits a Cayley graph which may not be coarsely embedded into any metric space of non zero generalized roundness. Finally, for each $pgeq0$ and each locally finite metric space $(Z,d)$, we prove the existence of a Lipschitz injection $f:Zoel{l}_p$.

Review text

Definition. Let \(p\geq 0\). A metric space \((X,d)\) is said to have \textit{generalized roundness} \(p\) if for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) and all \(a_1,\dots,a_n, b_1, \dots, b_n\in X\) the inequality NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\sum_{1\leq k<\ell\leq n}\left(d(a_k,a_\ell)^p+d(b_k,b_\ell)^p\right)\leq \sum_{1\leq j,i\leq n}d(a_j,b_i)^p NEWLINE\]NEWLINE holds. \textit{P. Enflo} [Ark. Mat. 8, 107--109 (1970; Zbl 0196.14003)] constructed a countable metric space that may not be uniformly embedded into any metric space of positive generalized roundness. \textit{A. N. Dranishnikov, G. Gong, V. Lafforgue} and \textit{G. Yu} [Can. Math. Bull. 45, No. 1, 60--70 (2002; Zbl 1044.46020)] modified Enflo's example to construct a locally finite metric space that may not be coarsely embedded into any Hilbert space. The authors of this paper combine these two examples and get a locally finite metric space which may not be embedded uniformly or coarsely into any metric space of non zero generalized roundness. It is important to mention that (1) by a uniform embedding the authors mean a uniformly continuous map \(f\) having uniformly continuous inverse \(f^{-1}\) defined on the image of \(f\); (2) in their definition of a locally finite metric space the authors do not require that \(\inf_{x\neq y}d(x,y)>0\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe authors make some related observations on Cayley graphs of infinite abelian groups and on Lipschitz injections.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(9)

• Nonpositive curvature is not coarsely universal
• A direct proof that \(\ell_\infty^{(3)}\) has generalized roundness zero
• Roundness properties of groups.
• Comparing the generalised roundness of metric spaces
• A coarsely invariant notion of roundness
• Manifestations of nonlinear roundness in analysis, discrete geometry and topology
• Amenability, locally finite spaces, and bi-Lipschitz embeddings
• Supremal \(p\)-negative type of vertex transitive graphs
• Metric trees of generalized roundness one

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