Structural properties of symmetric Toeplitz and Hankel matrices
Inspired by the notion of a Toeplitz graph the authors propose its extension. Namely, they define weighted Toeplitz graphs and weighted Hankel graphs. \N\NFor an \(n\times n\) symmetric Toeplitz matrix \(A=[a_{|i-j|}]_{1\leqslant i,j\leqslant n}\) they put \N\[\NS_A=\left\{i\in\left\{1,2,\ldots,n\right\}:\; a_i\neq 0\right\},\N\]\Nand define \(w_A: S_A\to\mathbb R\setminus\left\{0\right\}\) as\N\[\Nw_A(s)=a_s.\N\]\NAccordingly, the weighted Toeplitz graph \(G(A)\) is a graph with \N\[\NV(G)=\left\{1,2,\ldots,n\right\},\quad E(G)=\left\{ij:\; i,j\in V(G),\; |i-j|\in S_A\right\},\quad w(ij)=w_A(|i-j|).\N\]\NFor Hankel matrices the definition is analogous. \N\NThe authors investigate properties of symmetric Toeplitz and Hankel matrices by studying their weigthed graphs. They prove that a component of a weighted Toeplitz graph is a weighted Toeplitz graph as well. Moreover, there exists a preorder on the set of components of a weighted Teplitz graph in terms of isomorphism to induced subgraphs. From these facts it follows that the Frobenius normal form of a symmetric Toeplitz matrix is a direct sum of symmetric irreducible Toeplitz matrices such that each of these matrices is a principal submatrix of the consecutive one. For Hankel matrices analogous results hold as well.
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