Structure of finite subgroups of simple algebraic groups

Arithmetic and combinatorial problems involving abstract finite groups (20D60) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07) Maximal subgroups (20E28) Simple groups (20E32) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40)

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Let \(G_ 0\) be a finite simple group of Lie type and \(G_ 1\subseteq Aut(G_ 0)\). Let X be a maximal subgroup of \(G_ 1\) not containing \(G_ 0\). One of the most important problems of finite group theory is to describe maximal subgroups \(X\subset G_ 1\). The aim of this paper is to reduce to some extent this problem to the case where X is almost simple (that is \(X_ 0\subseteq X\subseteq Aut(X_ 0)\) where \(X_ 0\) is simple). Observe that for classical groups \(G_ 0\) this was made earlier by Aschbacher (1984). Theorem. Let X be a maximal subgroup of \(G_ 1\). Then one of the following assertions holds: 1) X normalizes some nonidentity connected subgroup of \(G_ 1\); 2) X is almost simple; 3) X normalizes some Jordan subgroup of \(G_ 0\); 4) \(G\cong E_ 8(q)\) and X normalizes the group \(Y\cong A_ 5\times A_ 6\) where \(A_ i\) is the alternating group of degree i and X:Y\(\leq 4\); the subgroup Y is unique up to conjugacy in G. The definition and description of Jordan subgroups is given in the preceding review.

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