Subgroups of word hyperbolic groups in dimension 2 over arbitrary rings
This paper studies homological finiteness properties over arbitrary rings in the context of hyperbolic groups by [\textit{M. Gromov}, Publ. Math. Sci. Res. Inst. 8, 75--263 (1987; Zbl 0634.20015)] and higher rank hyperbolic group by \textit{B. Kleiner} and \textit{U. Lang} [Invent. Math. 221, No. 2, 597--664 (2020; Zbl 1446.51006)].\N\NMost of this paper is motivated by the following result by \textit{S. M. Gersten}, J. Lond. Math. Soc. [II. Ser. 54, No. 2, 261--283 (1996; Zbl 0861.20033)]: if \(G\) is a hyperbolic group of cohomological dimension \(\operatorname{cd}_{\mathbb Z}(G)=2\), then a subgroup of \(G\) is hyperbolic if and only if it is of type \(\mathrm{FP}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). The paper presents two related results. First, Theorem 4.6 extends the result by Gersten [loc. cit.] to arbitrary unital rings \(R\), for subgroups of hyperbolic groups of cohomological dimension \(\operatorname{cd}_{R}(G)=2\) over the ring \(R\). The finiteness property \(\mathrm{FP}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) then has to be replaced by \(\mathrm{FP}_2(R)\), which is the natural version of \(\mathrm{FP}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) over the ring \(R\). Then, there is a variant of the result of Gersten for higher rank hyperbolic groups and \(R=\mathbb Z\) (Corollary 1.2). It states that a subgroup of type \(\mathrm{F}_{n+1}\) of a rank-\(n\) hyperbolic group with \(\operatorname{cd}_{\mathbb Z}=n+1\) that satisfies an appropriate coning inequality is rank-n hyperbolic. Coning inequalities are part of the definition of a higher rank hyperbolic group (Definitions 6.2 and 6.3).\N\NThe proofs are based on an analysis of higher rank \(R\)-homological isoperimetric functions, for normed rings \(R\). The main technical result is Theorem 3.2: if \(G\) and \(H<G\) are of type \(\mathrm{FP}_n(R)\) and \(\operatorname{cd}_R(G)=n\), then the \(R\)-homological \((n-1)\)-isoperimetric class of \(H\) is controlled by the \(R\)-homological \((n-1)\)-isoperimetric class of \(G\).\N\NThe appendix discusses an alternative definition of higher rank hyperbolicity in terms of simplicial chain complexes and notes that non-amenable CAT(0) Poincaré duality groups are higher rank hyperbolic (Corollary 1.1). The alternative definition makes higher rank hyperbolicity accessible to audiences that are not familiar with the theory of metric currents.
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