Sums of almost equal squares of primes

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2011.12.004MaRDI QIDQ765150zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Taiyu Li, Angel V. Kumchev

Publication date 19 March 2012

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5594

zbMATH Keywords

almost equal squaresexceptional setsexponential sumssieve methodsWaring-Goldbach problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sums over primes (11L20) Applications of sieve methods (11N36) Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes (11P32)

Abstract: We study the representations of large integers $n$ as sums $p_1^2+\mathrm{...}+p_s^2$, where $p_1,\mathrm{...},p_s$ are primes with $|p_i-(n/s{)}^{1/2}|le{n}^{heta/2}$, for some fixed $heta<1$. When $s=5$ we use a sieve method to show that all sufficiently large integers $nequiv5pmod24$ can be represented in the above form for $heta>8/9$. This improves on earlier work by Liu, L"{u} and Zhan, who established a similar result for $heta>9/10$. We also obtain estimates for the number of integers $n$ satisfying the necessary local conditions but lacking representations of the above form with $s=3,4$. When $s=4$ our estimates improve and generalize recent results by L"{u} and Zhai, and when $s=3$ they appear to be first of their kind.

Review text

The authors study the representation of large integers \(n\) as sums of almost equal squares of primes. In particular they show that all sufficiently large integers \(n\) satisfying a natural congruence condition, can be represented as a sum of five squares of primes \(p_j\) such that \(|p_j - (n/5)^{1/2}| \leq n^{4/9+\varepsilon}\). This improves on a result of \textit{J. Liu, G. Lü} and \textit{T. Zhan} [Sci. China, Ser. A 49, No. 5, 611--619 (2006; Zbl 1106.11033)], who had \(9/20\) in place of \(4/9\). The proof uses the circle method, and the improvement is based on bringing in Harman's sieve method (see [\textit{G. Harman}, Prime-detecting sieves. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2007; Zbl 1220.11118)]) The paper contains also results which concern exceptional sets for representations with less than five almost equal squares, as well as a result on how ``almost equal the squares can be made. In that case there are \(s > 5\) of them.

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Cited in

(19)

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• On the representation of large integers as sums of four almost equal squares of primes
• Sums of five almost equal prime squares. II
• On sums of biquadratic powers with almost equal primes
• Hua's theorem on five almost equal prime squares
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4139865 (Why is no real title available?)
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• On sums of a prime and four prime squares in short intervals
• Hua's theorem on prime squares in short intervals
• Additive problems with almost prime squares
• Sums of primes and squares of primes in short intervals

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