Sums of squares of complex vector fields and (analytic-) hypoellipticity

DOI10.4310/MRL.2006.V13.N5.A1MaRDI QIDQ862046zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Antonio Bove, J. J. Kohn, David S. Tartakoff, Makhlouf Derridj

Publication date 5 February 2007

Published in Mathematical Research Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0601523

zbMATH Keywords

analytic hypoellipticityhypoellipticitysums of squares of complex vector fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analyticity in context of PDEs (35A20) Hypoelliptic equations (35H10)

Abstract: We simplify and give an alternative proof of hypoellipticity for generalizations of the singular sum of squares of complex vector fields studied by Kohn, with an appendix by Derridj and Tartakoff, in the Annals of Mathematics, vol. 162 no. 2, 2005, pp. 943-986. The main generalization is that the complex vector fields now come from domains of finite type. We also prove real analytic hypoellipticity and the optimality of our estimates.

Review text

The authors consider the operator \[ P^F_{m,k}=L_m^F\overline{L_m^F}+\overline{L_m^F}| z| ^{2k}L_m^F, \quad L_m^F={\partial\over{\partial z}}+iF_z{\partial \over{\partial t}}, \] where \(F=F(z,\bar{z})\) is such that \(F_{z\bar{z}}=| z| ^{2(m-1)}g,\) with \(g(0)\not=0.\) In his celebrated paper [Ann. Math. (2) 162, No. 2, 943--986 (2005; Zbl 1107.35044)], \textit{J. J. Kohn} proved the hypoellipticity of this operator when \(F_z=\bar{z}\), showing a loss of derivatives of order \(k-1\), see also related work by \textit{M. Christ} [\url{arXiv:math.CV/0503506}], by \textit{C. Parenti} and \textit{A. Parmeggiani} [in: Hyperbolic problems and regularity questions. Basel: Birkhäuser. Trends in Mathematics, 151--158 (2007; Zbl 1124.35015)], and \textit{B. Street} [Math. Res. Lett. 13, No. 5--6, 703--711 (2006; Zbl 1117.35017)]. The authors prove here that \(P_{m,k}^F\) is \(C^\infty\) hypoelliptic with precise loss of \((k-1)/m\) derivatives, and also that \(P_{m,k}^F\) is \(C^\omega\) hypoelliptic. They show in addition that the loss of \((k-1)/m\) derivatives is optimal when \(F(z,\bar{z})=f(| z| ^2).\)

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Cited in

(18)

• Regular multi-types and the Bloom conjecture
• A proof of hypoellipticity for Kohn's operator via FBI
• Hypoellipticity and higher order Levi conditions
• A remark on Kohn's theorem on sums of squares of complex vector fields
• Germ hypoellipticity and loss of derivatives
• Hypoellipticity with loss of many derivatives
• On some systems of real or complex vector fields and their related Laplacians
• Loss of derivatives for systems of complex vector fields and sums of squares
• Analyticity for singular sums of squares of degenerate vector fields
• A parametrix for Kohn's operator
• Some nonanalytic-hypoelliptic sums of squares of vector fields
• Global analytic regularity for sums of squares of vector fields
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1229663 (Why is no real title available?)
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