Supplements of bounded permutation groups
The starting point of this beautiful paper is an incorrect result by the reviewer and \textit{P. M. Neumann} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 42, No. 1, 64-84 (1990; Zbl 0668.20005)]. Let \(\lambda\leq\kappa\) be infinite cardinals, \(\Omega\) a set of cardinality \(\kappa\), \(S\) the full symmetric group on \(\Omega\), and \(B_\lambda\) the subgroup of \(S\) consisting of elements whose support has cardinality less than \(\lambda\). Let \(SP(\kappa,\lambda)\) be the statement that if \(G\leq S\) and \(B_\lambda G=S\), then there is \(\Delta\subset\Omega\) with \(|\Delta|<\lambda\) such that the pointwise stabiliser \(G_{(\Delta)}\) induces the symmetric group on \(\Omega\setminus\Delta\), and let \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) be the corresponding statement with the setwise stabiliser \(G_{\{\Delta\}}\) in place of the pointwise stabiliser. In the above paper, it was incorrectly claimed that \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) holds for any infinite \(\lambda<\kappa\). (Semmes had earlier proved, assuming GCH, that \(SP(\kappa,\lambda)\) always holds.) If \(\mu,\nu\) are cardinals with \(\mu<\nu\), let \(cov(\nu,\mu)\) be the minimum cardinality of a collection of subsets of \(\nu\), each of cardinality less than \(\nu\), such that any \(\mu\)-subset of \(\nu\) is a subset of some member of the collection. Let \(c(\kappa)\) be the least cardinality of a chain of proper subgroups of \(S\) with union \(S\). The main results of the paper are that \(SP(\kappa,\lambda)\) holds if and only if \((\forall\mu<\lambda) (2^\mu<2^\kappa)\). Also, \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) holds if \((\forall\mu<\lambda) (\forall\nu\leq\kappa) (\lambda\leq\nu\Rightarrow cov(\nu,\mu)<c(\kappa))\), and if \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) holds, then \((\forall\mu<\lambda) (\forall\nu\leq\kappa) (\lambda\leq\nu\Rightarrow cov(\nu,\mu)<2^\kappa)\). It follows easily that if \(\lambda\leq\kappa<\aleph_\omega\) then \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) holds, and if \(2^{\aleph_0}=2^{\aleph_\omega}=\aleph_{\omega+1}\) then \(MNP(\aleph_\omega,\aleph_1)\) is false. Using Shelah's pcf theory, the author obtains some more subtle positive results (for example, \(MNP(\aleph_{\omega_4},\aleph_1)\) holds). Further examples of \(\lambda<\kappa\) such that \(MNP(\kappa,\lambda)\) is independent of ZFC are given in the final section.
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