Survey of two-time physics

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/18/16/303MaRDI QIDQ2761995zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors I. Bars

Publication date 7 January 2002

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0008164, https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BARcqg01

zbMATH Keywords

HamiltoniansholographyM-theorytwo-time physics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30)

Abstract: Two-time physics (2T) is a general reformulation of one-time physics (1T) that displays previously unnoticed hidden symmetries in 1T dynamical systems and establishes previously unknown duality type relations among them. This may play a role in displaying the symmetries and constructing the dynamics of little understood systems, such as M-theory. 2T physics describes various 1T dynamical systems as different d-dimensional ``holographic views of the same 2T system in $d+2$ dimensions. The ``holography is due to gauge symmetries that tend to reduce the number of effective dimensions. Different 1T evolutions (i.e. different Hamiltonians) emerge from the same 2T theory when gauge fixing is done with different embeddings of d dimensions inside d+2 dimensions. Thus, in the 2T setting, the distinguished 1T which we call ``time is a gauge dependent concept. The 2T action has also a global SO(d,2) symmetry in flat spacetime, or a more general d+2 symmetry in curved spacetime, under which all dimensions are on an equal footing. This symmetry is observable in many 1T systems, but it remained unknown until discovered in the 2T formalism. 2T physics has mainly been developed in the context of particles, including spin and supersymmetry, but some advances have also been made with strings and p-branes, and insights for M-theory have already emerged. In the case of particles, there exists a general worldline formulation with background fields, as well as a field theory formulation, both described in terms of fields that depend on d+2 coordinates. The Standard Model of particle physics can be regarded as a gauge fixed form of a 2T theory in 4+2 dimensions. These facts already provide evidence for a new type of higher dimensional unification.

Review text

Two-time physics (2T) is a general reformulation of one-time physics (1T) that displays previously unnoticed hidden symmetries in 1T dynamical systems and establishes previously unknown duality-type relations among them. This may play a role in displaying the symmetries and constructing the dynamics of little understood systems, such as M-theory. 2T-physics describes various 1T dynamical systems as different \(d\)-dimensional `holographic' views of the same 2T system in \(d+2\) dimensions. The `holography' is due to gauge symmetries that tend to reduce the number of effective dimensions. Different 1T evolutions (i.e. different Hamiltonians) emerge from the same 2T-theory when gauge fixing is done with different embeddings of \(d\) dimensions inside \(d+2\) dimensions. Thus, in the 2T setting, the distinguished 1T which we call `time' is a gauge-dependent concept. The 2T-action also has a global \(SO(d,2)\) symmetry in flat spacetime, or a more general \(d+2\) symmetry in curved spacetime, under which all dimensions are on an equal footing. This symmetry is observable in many 1T-systems, but it remained unknown until discovered in the 2T formalism.

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Cited in

(43)

• Type-B formal higher spin gravity
• A geometrical approach to degenerate scalar-tensor theories
• Timelike duality, \(M'\)-theory and an exotic form of the Englert solution
• Space-time CFTs from the Riemann sphere
• Negative branes, supergroups and the signature of spacetime
• A theory of quantized fields based on orthogonal and symplectic Clifford algebras
• What we don't know about time
• Clock-dependent spacetime
• Spinorial Snyder and Yang models from superalgebras and noncommutative quantum superspaces
• Double-extended Kerr-Schild form for \(5D\) electrovacuum solutions
• Constraint on the Higgs-Dilaton potential via warm inflation in two-time physics
• Metaplectic representation and ordering (in)dependence in Vasiliev's higher spin gravity
• Hidden gauge symmetry in holomorphic models
• Higher-order singletons, partially massless fields, and their boundary values in the ambient approach
• Complexifying the spacetime algebra by means of an extra timelike dimension: pin, spin and algebraic spinors
• Eisenhart lift of Koopman-von Neumann mechanics
• Two-time physics
• Point particle with extrinsic curvature as a boundary of a Nambu-Goto string: classical and quantum model
• Emergence of the Lorentzian structure in classical field theory
• Gauge symmetry in phase space consequences for physics and spacetime
• Gauge symmetry in phase space consequences for physics and space -- time
• N=2,4 supersymmetric gauge field theory in two-time physics
• Field theory in two-time physics with N=1 supersymmetry
• QUANTIZATION OF BOSONIC STRING MODEL IN (26+2)-DIMENSIONAL SPACE–TIME
• Charging a double Kerr solution in five-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell–Kalb–Ramond theory
• Soldered bundle background for the de Sitter top
• Simple five-dimensional wave equation for a Dirac particle
• Extra dimensions in space and time. Foreword by Lawrence M. Krauss
• The behavior of the bounds of matrix-valued maximal inequality in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) for large \(n\)
• Group averaging in the (p,q) oscillator representation of SL(2,R)
• Duality between hydrogen atom and oscillator systems via hidden SO(d,2) symmetry and 2T-physics
• Uniqueness of solution of an inverse source problem for ultrahyperbolic equations
• Survey of two-time physics
• REFINED ALGEBRAIC QUANTIZATION WITH THE TRIANGULAR SUBGROUP OFSL(2, ℝ)
• Strings, branes and two-time physics
• On the emergent origin of the inertial mass
• On the origin of the weak equivalence principle in a theory of emergent quantum mechanics
• Massive higher spins from BRST and tractors
• On the emergence of gravity in a framework of emergent quantum mechanics
• Emergent quantum mechanics and the origin of quantum non-local correlations
• Quantum fields on projective geometries
• Sphaleron and gravitational wave with the Higgs-dilaton potential in the standard model two-time physics
• Stability of inverse problems for ultrahyperbolic equations

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