Surveying points in the complex projective plane
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Abstract: We classify SIC-POVMs of rank one in CP^2, or equivalently sets of nine equally-spaced points in CP^2, without the assumption of group covariance. If two points are fixed, the remaining seven must lie on a pinched torus that a standard moment mapping projects to a circle in R^3. We use this approach to prove that any SIC set in CP^2 is isometric to a known solution, given by nine points lying in triples on the equators of the three 2-spheres each defined by the vanishing of one homogeneous coordinate. We set up a system of equations to describe hexagons in CP^2 with the property that any two vertices are related by a cross ratio (transition probability) of 1/4. We then symmetrize the equations, factor out by the known solutions, and compute a Groebner basis to show that no SIC sets remain. We do find new configurations of nine points in which 27 of the 36 pairs of vertices of the configuration are equally spaced.
SIC-POVMs on a Hermitian space are motivated by the theory of quantum measurements and have applications in quantum tomography and quantum cryptography. They can be interpreted mathematically as a set of points on a projective space that are mutually equidistant with respect to the standard Kähler metric. The authors find nine mutually equidistant points on \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) using methods of the Heisenberg group. Moreover, they prove that any set of nine equidistant points must be isometric to that set. Numerous pictures, the Buchberger algorithm and Gröbner bases with Mathematica support the work.
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