Symbolic principal component analysis
Principal components analysis (PCA) takes as input a data matrix of the type \(X=(x_{kj})_{n\times p}\), where \((x_{kj})\) is the precise and single value of the descriptive feature \(Y_j\) for the object \(k\in\Omega=\{1,\dots,n\}\). However, in practice the investigated objects are often more complex and so more complex data are required in order to provide an accurate description of these objects. These data are called symbolic data which finally result in symbolic objects of various types. In this paper the focus is on one particular type of symbolic data, i.e., interval data. In this case the elements of the data matrix are intervals \(\xi_{kj}=[\underline{x_{kj}}, \overline{x_{kj}}]\in\mathbb{R}\). A new method, called Vertices Method, is proposed which extends the classical PCA to interval data. For the case of a high number \(p\) of features of interval type another method, called Centers Method, is proposed. Both methods are compared and illustrated by an example. The proposed methods achieve two aims: on the one hand, they analyze, as the classical PCA method does, the main trend of the objects' spatial distribution and, on the other hand, they estimate and visualize for each object the resulting variability or inaccuracy. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1039.62501].
- Principal component analysis of interval data: a symbolic data analysis approach
- Principal component analysis for histogram-valued data
- Principal component analysis on interval data
- A new principal component analysis method for interval data
- A comparison of three methods for principal component analysis of fuzzy interval data
- I-scal: Multidimensional scaling of interval dissimilarities
- A comparison of three methods for principal component analysis of fuzzy interval data
- Adaptation of interval PCA to symbolic histogram variables
- Principal component analysis of interval data: a symbolic data analysis approach
- Exploratory data analysis of interval-valued symbolic data with matrix visualization
- Exploratory data analysis for interval compositional data
- Principal component analysis for histogram-valued data
- Principal component analysis for probabilistic symbolic data: a more generic and accurate algorithm
- A new principal component analysis method for interval data
- Factor interval data analysis and its application
- Standardization of interval symbolic data based on the empirical descriptive statistics
- Common principal components model for symbolic data
- Far beyond the classical data models: symbolic data analysis
- The quantile method for symbolic principal component analysis
- Discriminant analysis of interval data: an assessment of parametric and distance-based approaches
- Theoretical derivation of interval principal component analysis
- Principal components of sample estimates: an approach through symbolic data analysis
- A pseudo principal component analysis method for multi-dimensional open-high-low-close data in candlestick chart
- Linear disriminant analysis for interval data
- Principal component analysis on interval data
- Equivalency between vertices and centers-coupled-with-radii principal component analyses for interval data
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