The 2-width of embedded 3-manifolds

DOI10.1007/S42543-021-00035-9MaRDI QIDQ6039129zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 3 May 2023

Published in Peking Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13183

zbMATH Keywords

minimaxMorse theorywidth

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topology of 3-manifolds (57K30) Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45) Embeddings in differential topology (57R40) Critical points and critical submanifolds in differential topology (57R70)

Abstract: We discuss a possible definition for "$k$-width" of both a closed $d$-manifold $M^d$, and on embedding $M^{d}oversetehookrightarrowmathbb{R}^n$, $n>dgek$, generalizing the classical notion of width of a knot. We show that for every 3-manifold 2-width$(M^3)le2$ but that there are embeddings $e_i:T^{3}hookrightarrowmathbb{R}^4$ with 2-width$(e_i)oinfty$. We explain how the divergence of 2-width of embeddings offer a tool to which might prove the Goeritz groups $G_g$ infinitely generated for $ggeq4$. Finally we construct a homeomorphism $$, suggesting a potential application of 2-width to 4D mapping class groups.

Review text

For a smooth closed \(d\)-dimensional manifold \(M^d\), the author discusses the definition of \(k\)-width of \(M^d\), defined as the minimax of a numerical property \(P\) for preimages \(\pi^{-1}(x)\), where the minimum is taken over an appropriate class of maps \(\pi: M^d \to \mathbb{R}^k\) and the maximum is taken over all regular values \(x \in \mathbb{R}^k\). Further, the author defines \(k\)-width of an embedding \(e: M^d \to \mathbb{R}^k\) as the minimax of a numerical property \(P\) for preimages \((\pi\circ e)^{-1}(x)\). The main results are as follow. For any orientable 3-manifold \(M\), 2-width of \(M\) is equal to or smaller than two. Further, the author determines \(M\) whose 2-width is one. However, for 2-width of embeddings, there is a family of embeddings \(T^3 \to \mathbb{R}^4\) for which 2-width diverges. \newline The motivation of this paper is to investigate the genus \(g\) Goeritz group \(G_g\) for \(g \geq 4\); whether \(G_g\) is finitely generated or infinitely generated. Here, \(G_g\) is the fundamental group of the space of genus \(g\) Heegaard surfaces in \(S^3\). The author discusses the 2-width called frame complexity and gives a necessary and sufficient condition that \(G_g\)(\(g \geq4\)) is infinitely generated.

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Cites work

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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3562123 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 645858 (Why is no real title available?)
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Cited in

(2)

• EMBEDDINGS OF 2-COMPLEXES INTO 3-MANIFOLDS
• Width complexes for knots and 3-manifolds

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