The 9-vertex complex projective plane
Special surfaces (14J25) Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geometric, or combinatorial structures (20B25) Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups (20H15) Orthogonal and unitary groups in metric geometry (51F25) Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and generalizations (51M10) Synthetic treatment of fundamental manifolds in projective geometries (Grassmannians, Veronesians and their generalizations) (51M35) Projective analytic geometry (51N15) Polytopes and polyhedra (52Bxx) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42) Triangulating (57R05)
The antipodal identification of the icosahedron gives a triangulation of \({\mathbb{R}}P^ 2\) with the minimum number \((=6)\) of vertices. The corresponding natural embedding into \(\partial \Delta^ 5 (\Delta^ 5=s\tan dard\) simplex in \({\mathbb{R}}^ 5)\) and the Veronese embedding \({\mathbb{R}}P^ 2\to S^ 4\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ 5\) are the only tight topological embeddings of \({\mathbb{R}}P^ 2\) in \({\mathbb{R}}^ 5\). The (real algebraic) Veronese embedding \({\mathbb{C}}P^ 2\to S^ 7\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ 8\) is also tight; therefore a triangulation of \({\mathbb{C}}P^ 2\) with the minimum number of vertices was sought, assuming that it would lead to a tight embedding \({\mathbb{C}}P^ 2\to \partial \Delta^ 8\)- and unique simplicial complex, topologically a manifold \(M^ 4_ 9\), was found. The symmetries of \(M^ 4_ 9\) (including a complex conjugation) and other similarities with the Veronese embedding are discussed; they lead to a homeomorphism \({\mathbb{C}}P^ 2\leftrightarrow M^ 4_ 9\).
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