The Birkhoff theorem and string clouds

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/33/19/195006MaRDI QIDQ2834919zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Kirill A. Bronnikov, S.-W. Kim, M. V. Skvortsova

Publication date 1 December 2016

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04905

zbMATH Keywords

anisotropic fluidBirkhoff theoremcosmic stringsgeneral relativitynull Killing vectorpure radiationspherical symmetrystream cloudswave solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Wave equation (35L05) Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Exact solutions to problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C15) Gravitational waves (83C35) Macroscopic interaction of the gravitational field with matter (hydrodynamics, etc.) (83C55) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Radiative transfer in astronomy and astrophysics (85A25)

Abstract: We consider spherically symmetric space-times in GR under the unconventional assumptions that the spherical radius $r$ is either a constant or has a null gradient in the $(t,x)$ subspace orthogonal to the symmetry spheres (i.e., $(partialr{)}^2=0$). It is shown that solutions to the Einstein equations with $r=mconst$ contain an extra (fourth) spatial or temporal Killing vector and thus satisfy the Birkhoff theorem under an additional physically motivated condition that the lateral pressure is functionally related to the energy density. This leads to solutions that directly generalize the Bertotti-Robinson, Nariai and Plebanski-Hacyan solutions. Under similar conditions, solutions with $(partialr{)}^2=0$ but $remconst$, supported by an anisotropic fluid, contain a null Killing vector, which again indicates a Birkhoff-like behavior of the system. Similar space-times supported by pure radiation (in particular, a massless radiative scalar field) contain a null Killing vector without additional assumptions, which leads to one more extension of the Birkhoff theorem. Exact radial wave solutions have been found (i) with an anisotropic fluid and (ii) with a gas of radially directed cosmic strings (or a "string cloud") combined with pure radiation. Furthermore, it is shown that a perfect fluid with isotropic pressure and a massive or self-interacting scalar field cannot be sources of gravitational fields with a null but nonzero gradient of $r$.

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Cited in

(11)

• On wormholes with long throats and the stability problem
• Quasinormal modes, shadow and thermodynamics of black holes coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics and cloud of strings
• Rotating cylinders with anisotropic fluids in general relativity
• The effect of bulk dimension in the presence of string cloud on viscosity bound
• Does a cloud of strings affect shear viscosity bound?
• Nonlinear electrodynamics, regular black holes and wormholes
• Tideless traversable wormholes surrounded by cloud of strings in f(R) gravity
• Ricci solitons and string cloud spacetime in \(f(R)\)-gravity
• Ricci-Yamabe metric in \(f(\mathcal{R,T})\)-gravity model coupled with magnetized quark matter
• Impact of conformal -Ricci-Yamabe solitons on relativistic string cloud spacetimes with magnetized quark matter
• Applications of \(\mathcal{Q}\) curvature tensor and certain types of Ricci-Bourguignon soliton on different spacetimes

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