The Darboux transformation and algebraic deformations of shape-invariant potentials

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/37/5/022MaRDI QIDQ4467016zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Niky Kamran, Robert Milson, D. Gómez-Ullate

Publication date 8 June 2004

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0308062, https://eprints.ucm.es/30915/1/gomez-ullate29preprint.pdf

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ordinary differential equations and connections with real algebraic geometry (fewnomials, desingularization, zeros of abelian integrals, etc.) (34C08) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05) Exactly and quasi-solvable systems arising in quantum theory (81U15)

Abstract: We investigate the backward Darboux transformations (addition of a lowest bound state) of shape-invariant potentials on the line, and classify the subclass of algebraic deformations, those for which the potential and the bound states are simple elementary functions. A countable family, $m=0,1,2,\mathrm{...}$, of deformations exists for each family of shape-invariant potentials. We prove that the $m$-th deformation is exactly solvable by polynomials, meaning that it leaves invariant an infinite flag of polynomial modules $mathcal{P}_m^{(m)}subsetmathcal{P}_{m+1}^{(m)}subset\mathrm{...}$, where $mathcal{P}_n^{(m)}$ is a codimension $m$ subspace of $<1,z,\mathrm{...},z^n>$. In particular, we prove that the first ($m=1$) algebraic deformation of the shape-invariant class is precisely the class of operators preserving the infinite flag of exceptional monomial modules $mathcal{P}_n^{(1)}=<1,z^2,\mathrm{...},z^n>$. By construction, these algebraically deformed Hamiltonians do not have an $mathfraksl(2)$ hidden symmetry algebra structure.

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