A conjecture on exceptional orthogonal polynomials
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Abstract: Exceptional orthogonal polynomial systems (X-OPS) arise as eigenfunctions of Sturm-Liouville problems and generalize in this sense the classical families of Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi. They also generalize the family of CPRS orthogonal polynomials. We formulate the following conjecture: every exceptional orthogonal polynomial system is related to a classical system by a Darboux-Crum transformation. We give a proof of this conjecture for codimension 2 exceptional orthogonal polynomials (X2-OPs). As a by-product of this analysis, we prove a Bochner-type theorem classifying all possible X2-OPS. The classification includes all cases known to date plus some new examples of X2-Laguerre and X2-Jacobi polynomials.
This impressive article deals with exceptional orthogonal polynomial systems (X-OPS's) being eigenfunctions of Sturm-Liouville problems without the assumption that an eigenpolynomial of every degree should exist. These systems generalize the families of classical orthogonal polynomials named after Hermite, Laguerre, and Jacobi. Moreover, these systems include a family of orthogonal polynomials introduced by \textit{J. F. Cariñena} et al. [J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 41, No. 8, Article ID 085301, 10 p. (2008; Zbl 1138.81380)] as a special case. The authors formulate the conjecture: Every exceptional orthogonal polynomial system \(X_m\) for any codimension \(m\) can be obtained by applying a sequence of at most \(m\) Darboux transformations to a classical OPS. A proof is given for \(m=2\). As a by-product the authors prove a Bochner-type theorem classifying all possible \(X_2\)-OPS's. This classification includes all known cases plus some new examples of \(X_2\)-Laguerre and \(X_2\)-Jacobi polynomials. A consequence of the conjecture would be that all exceptional orthogonal polynomials could be written as Wronskian determinants involving essentially classical orthogonal polynomials, more specifically: involving one classical orthogonal polynomial and many quasi-rational factorizing functions.
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