Complete classification of rational solutions of A₂n-Painlevé systems

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2021.107770MaRDI QIDQ2032945zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Robert Milson, D. Gómez-Ullate, Yves Grandati

Publication date 14 June 2021

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.00076

zbMATH Keywords

Darboux dressing chainsHermite polynomialsMaya diagramsPainlevé equationsrational solutionsWronskian determinants

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Entire and meromorphic solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M05) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Nonautonomous Hamiltonian dynamical systems (Painlevé equations, etc.) (37J65)

Abstract: We provide a complete classification and an explicit representation of rational solutions to the fourth Painlev'e equation PIV and its higher order generalizations known as the $A_{2n}$-Painlev'e or Noumi-Yamada systems. The construction of solutions makes use of the theory of cyclic dressing chains of Schr"odinger operators. Studying the local expansions of the solutions around their singularities we find that some coefficients in their Laurent expansion must vanish, which express precisely the conditions of trivial monodromy of the associated potentials. The characterization of trivial monodromy potentials with quadratic growth implies that all rational solutions can be expressed as Wronskian determinants of suitably chosen sequences of Hermite polynomials. The main classification result states that every rational solution to the $A_{2n}$-Painlev'e system corresponds to a cycle of Maya diagrams, which can be indexed by an oddly coloured integer sequence. Finally, we establish the link with the standard approach to building rational solutions, based on applying B"acklund transformations on seed solutions, by providing a representation for the symmetry group action on coloured sequences and Maya cycles.

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Cited in

(11)

• On the Painlevé classification of partial differential equations II: Rational equations with one pole
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• On the general family of third-order shape-invariant Hamiltonians related to generalized Hermite polynomials
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• Cyclic Maya diagrams and rational solutions of higher order Painlevé systems
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• Exceptional Gegenbauer polynomials via isospectral deformation
• Some properties of zeros of the Umemura polynomials of the fifth Painlevé equation
• Classification of exceptional Jacobi polynomials
• Rational solutions of the A₄ Painlevé equation

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