The expansion of Wronskian Hermite polynomials in the Hermite basis

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Hermite polynomials Schrödinger operator Wronskian

Real polynomials: location of zeros (26C10) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40)

Abstract: We express Wronskian Hermite polynomials in the Hermite basis and obtain an explicit formula for the coefficients. From this we deduce an upper bound for the modulus of the roots in the case of partitions of length 2. We also derive a general upper bound for the modulus of the real and purely imaginary roots. These bounds are very useful in the study of irreducibility of Wronskian Hermite polynomials. Additionally, we generalize some of our results to a larger class of polynomials.

Review text

Let \(H_n\), \(n\ge 0\), be the classical Hermite polynomials and consider the rescaled Hermite polynomials \(\operatorname{He}_n(x) := 2^{-n/2} H_n(x/\sqrt{2})\). For a partition \(\lambda = (\lambda_1 \ge \lambda_2 \ge \cdots \ge \lambda_r)\) of \(n\) consider \[ \operatorname{He}_\lambda(x) := \frac{\operatorname{Wr}(\operatorname{He}_{n_1}(x), \ldots, \operatorname{He}_{n_r}(x))}{\Delta(n_\lambda)}, \] where \(\operatorname{Wr}\) is the Wronskian, \(n_\lambda = (\lambda_r,\lambda_{r-1}+1,\ldots,\lambda_{1}+r-1)\) is the degree vector of \(\lambda\), and \(\Delta(n_\lambda)\) is the Vandermonde determinant. The main result of the paper under review is the explicit representation of \(\operatorname{He}_\lambda(x)\) as a linear combination of \(\operatorname{He}_{n-2k}(x)\), \(0 \le k \le \lfloor \frac{n}2 \rfloor\). The explicit forrmula for the coefficients allows the authors to deduce an upper bound for the modulus of the roots of \(\operatorname{He}_\lambda(x)\) for partitions \(\lambda\) of length \(2\). Furthermore, bounds for the modulus of real and purely imaginary roots are given for general partitions. In the last section of the paper, some of the results are generalized to a larger class of polynomials, i.e., polynomials resulting from the generating function \(\exp(tx -\frac{t^q}q)\), where \(q\) is a positive integer; for \(q=2\) one recovers the Hermite polynomials \(\operatorname{He}_n(x)\).

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