The adelic Grassmannian and exceptional Hermite polynomials

DOI10.1007/S11040-020-09365-ZMaRDI QIDQ2220904zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors A. Kasman, Robert Milson

Publication date 25 January 2021

Published in Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10025

zbMATH Keywords

adelic Grassmannianbispectralityexceptional orthogonal polynomialsgenerating functionHermite polynomialsKP hierarchy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47)

Abstract: It is shown that when dependence on the second flow of the KP hierarchy is added, the resulting semi-stationary wave function of certain points in George Wilson's adelic Grassmannian are generating functions of the exceptional Hermite orthogonal polynomials. This surprising correspondence between different mathematical objects that were not previously known to be so closely related is interesting in its own right, but also proves useful in two ways: it leads to new algorithms for effectively computing the associated differential and difference operators and it also answers some open questions about them.

Review text

Let \(h_n\) denote the non-Appell Hermite polynomial. The bivariate Hermite polynomial \(H_ n (x, y)\) is defined by \[H_ n (x, y):=(-y)^{n/2}h_n\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{-4y}}\right). \] An equivalent definition is the generating function \[\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} H_ n (x, y)\frac{z^n}{n!}=\exp(xz+yz^2), \] which means that \(H_ n (x, y)\) is an Appell polynomial in the variable \(x\). Exceptional Hermite polynomials satisfy a second-order eigenvalue equation and are defined as the Wronskian of classical Hermite polynomials. Furthermore, exceptional Hermite polynomials associated to a partition can be expressed simply in terms of the Schur functions produced from that partition via insertion. The purpose of this paper is first to prove that the exceptional Hermite polynomials are generated by the wave functions of certain points in George Wilson's adelic Grassmannian \(Gr^{ad}\). The second part of the paper is devoted to bispectrality, stabilizer algebras. The Cauchy-Euler operator preserves the Wronskian of the partition and together with the Grassmannian generate an operator algebra. Then, lowering and recurrence relations for the exceptional Hermites are proved. Finally, algorithms and examples for special partitions are given and Maya diagrams are drawn. The proofs use bivariate Hermite polynomials, Maya diagrams, Taylor series, Cauchy-Euler operators, exceptional Jacobi operators.

Recommendations

• Exceptional Charlier and Hermite orthogonal polynomials
• Recurrence relations for exceptional Hermite polynomials
• Spectral theory of exceptional Hermite polynomials
• Complex exceptional orthogonal polynomials and quasi-invariance
• Bivariate poly-analytic Hermite polynomials

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Cited in

(10)

• The expansion of Wronskian Hermite polynomials in the Hermite basis
• Spectral theory of exceptional Hermite polynomials
• General solution of the exceptional Hermite differential equation and its minimal surface representation
• Exceptional Charlier and Hermite orthogonal polynomials
• DEK-type orthogonal polynomials and a modification of the Christoffel formula
• Convergence rates of exceptional zeros of exceptional orthogonal polynomials
• Time and band limiting for exceptional polynomials
• Orthogonality with respect to the Hermite product, KP wave functions, and the bispectral involution
• The bispectral problem, the Darboux process, monodromy and the Hermite operator
• Exceptional Krall polynomials

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