Rational extensions of the quantum harmonic oscillator and exceptional Hermite polynomials
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Darboux transformationsexceptional Hermite polynomialsharmonic oscillatorrational extensionstrivial monodromy
Monodromy; relations with differential equations and (D)-modules (complex-analytic aspects) (32S40) Generalized hypergeometric series, ({}_pF_q) (33C20) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Exactly and quasi-solvable systems arising in quantum theory (81U15)
Abstract: We prove that every rational extension of the quantum harmonic oscillator that is exactly solvable by polynomials is monodromy free, and therefore can be obtained by applying a finite number of state-deleting Darboux transformations on the harmonic oscillator. Equivalently, every exceptional orthogonal polynomial system of Hermite type can be obtained by applying a Darboux-Crum transformation to the classical Hermite polynomials. Exceptional Hermite polynomial systems only exist for even codimension 2m, and they are indexed by the partitions lambda of m. We provide explicit expressions for their corresponding orthogonality weights and differential operators and a separate proof of their completeness. Exceptional Hermite polynomials satisfy a 2l+3 recurrence relation where l is the length of the partition lambda. Explicit expressions for such recurrence relations are given.
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