The adelic Grassmannian and exceptional Hermite polynomials (Q2220904)

Let \(h_n\) denote the non-Appell Hermite polynomial. The bivariate Hermite polynomial \(H_ n (x, y)\) is defined by \[H_ n (x, y):=(-y)^{n/2}h_n\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{-4y}}\right). \] An equivalent definition is the generating function \[\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} H_ n (x, y)\frac{z^n}{n!}=\exp(xz+yz^2), \] which means that \(H_ n (x, y)\) is an Appell polynomial in the variable \(x\). Exceptional Hermite polynomials satisfy a second-order eigenvalue equation and are defined as the Wronskian of classical Hermite polynomials. Furthermore, exceptional Hermite polynomials associated to a partition can be expressed simply in terms of the Schur functions produced from that partition via insertion. The purpose of this paper is first to prove that the exceptional Hermite polynomials are generated by the wave functions of certain points in George Wilson's adelic Grassmannian \(Gr^{ad}\). The second part of the paper is devoted to bispectrality, stabilizer algebras. The Cauchy-Euler operator preserves the Wronskian of the partition and together with the Grassmannian generate an operator algebra. Then, lowering and recurrence relations for the exceptional Hermites are proved. Finally, algorithms and examples for special partitions are given and Maya diagrams are drawn. The proofs use bivariate Hermite polynomials, Maya diagrams, Taylor series, Cauchy-Euler operators, exceptional Jacobi operators.