The Killing spinor equation with higher order potentials
abla depending on abla^g, T, F, and a
abla-parallel spinor field Psi. We classify and construct many explicit families of solutions to this system of spinorial field equations by means of non-integrable special geometries. The latter include alpha-Sasakian structures in dimensions 5 and 7, almost Hermitian structures in dimension 6 and cocalibrated G_2-structures in dimension 7. We show that there are several examples also satisfying an additional constraint for the energy-momentum tensor.
The Killing spinor equation \[ \nabla_X\psi= 0,\quad \nabla_X= \nabla^g_X+\tfrac14 (X\lrcorner\, T)+ p(X\lrcorner\, F)+ q(X\wedge F), \] where \(\nabla^g\) is the Levi-Cività connection of a Riemannian spin manifold \((M^n, g)\), \(T\), \(F\) are a 3-form and a 4-form, respectively, \(X\) is a vector field, and \(\psi\) is a spinor field, satisfying the additional conditions \[ \text{Ric}^g_{ij}- \tfrac14\, T_{imn} T_{jmn}= 0,\quad\delta(T)= 0,\tag{1} \] are studied for \(5\leq n\leq 7\). These three equations are basic in supergravity models of type II string theory [cf. \textit{M. J. Duff}, \({\mathcal M}\)-theory on manifolds with \(G_2\)-holonomy: The first twenty years, \url{arXiv:hep-th/0201062}]. They are extensions of the Strominger equations, which are derived as the geometric constraints of internal six-dimensional manifolds [\textit{A. Strominger}, ``Superstrings with torsion, Nucl. Phys., B 274, No.~2, 253--284 (1986), \url{doi:10.1016/0550-3213(86)90286-5}; cf. \textit{E. Goldstein} and \textit{S. Prokushkin}, Commun. Math. Phys. 251, No.~1, 65--78 (2004; Zbl 1085.32009); \textit{J. X. Fu} and \textit{S. T. Yau}, J. Differ. Geom. 78, No. 3, 369-428 (2008; Zbl 1141.53036); \textit{M. Cyrier} and \textit{J. M. Lapan}, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 10, No.~6, 853--877 (2006; Zbl 1132.81042)]. On the mathematical side, the characteristic connection \(\nabla^c\) and the parallel torsion form \((T^c: \nabla^c T^c= 0)\), which are closely related to the Killing spinor equation, appeared in the study of non-integrable geometries, and its relation to Strominger's equations was also discussed [cf. \textit{T. Friedrich} and \textit{S. Ivanov}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 559, 217--236 (2003; Zbl 1035.53058)]. To solve the Killing spinor equation, \(M\) is assumed to have a certain class of non-integrable \(G\)-structures with characteristic connection. \(T\) and \(F\) are taken to be \[ F= \sum_i A_i F_i,\;T= BT^c,\quad A_i,B\in\mathbb{R}.\tag{2} \] Here, each \(F_i\) is \(\nabla^c\)-parallel (\S2). The classes of \(G\)-structures studied in this paper are listed and explained in \S3. They are \(\alpha\)-Sasakian structures in dimension 5, almost Hermitian structures with parallel torsion in dimension 6 [cf. \textit{N. Schoemann}, J. Geom. Phys. 57, No.~11, 2187--2212 (2007; Zbl 1137.53014)] and \(\alpha\)-Sasakian structures and cocalibrated \(G_2\)-structures with parallel torsion in dimension 7. If \(K^\nabla(X)\psi= 0\) for every spinor field belonging to a one-dimensional spin subbundle \(\Sigma^1\) of the spin-bundle \(\Sigma\) of a simply connected spin manifold, then there exists a \(\nabla\)-parallel field in \(\Sigma^1\) provided \(R^\nabla(X, Y)|_{\Sigma^1}= 0\) and \(\nabla\) preserves \(\Sigma^1\) [cf. \textit{T. Friedrich} and \textit{I. Kath}, J. Differ. Geom. 29, No.~2, 263--279 (1989; Zbl 0633.53069)]. To solve the equation \(K^\nabla(X)\psi= 0\), several classification results of the above \(G\)-spaces are used (\S4). In the rest of the paper, this strategy is applied for each \(G\)-space. The discussions use precise classification results (\S5--\S7). An example of the answer is as follows: If \((M^6, g,J)\) is a \(U(2)\)-manifold where \(U(2)\) is embedded in \(U(3)\) by the map \[ A\to\begin{pmatrix} A & 0\\ 0 & \text{det\,} A\end{pmatrix}, \] and \(F= A_1\cdot*\Omega_1+ A_2\cdot\Omega_2\), then a spinor field \(\Psi_0\) is a solution if and only if \(\Psi_0\) is parallel with respect to \(\nabla^0\) and fixed by \(*\Omega_2\cdot \Psi_0= 2\Psi_0\), \(B= 1\) and \(A_1= -A_2\) (Theorem 6.7). Consequently, a \(\nabla^c\)-parallel spinor field does not exist on these spaces (Proposition 6.7). Spaces on which solutions of the Killing spinor equation exist are listed as Table 1 (\S7). As for the other two equations, set \[ \text{Ric}^T= \text{Ric}^g_{ij}- \tfrac14 \,T_{imn} T_{jmn}. \] We have \(\delta T= 0\), \(F\cdot\Psi= \kappa\Psi\), and \(\text{div}^C(\text{Ric}^T)= \text{div}(\text{Ric}^T)= 0\) in all cases listed in Table 1. Therefore, we can solve the Killing spinor equation and (1) if \(F\) and \(T\) are chosen as in (2), on the spaces listed in Table 1 (\S8, the last section).
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