The Poisson kernel for Heisenberg polynomials on the disk

Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Spherical harmonics (33C55) Fourier series in special orthogonal functions (Legendre polynomials, Walsh functions, etc.) (42C10) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80)

Review text

The study of harmonic polynomials of the Heisenberg groups was begun by \textit{P. Greiner} [Can. Math. Bull. 23, 383-396 (1980; Zbl 0496.22012)] and involves the Heisenberg polynomials \(C_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(z)\) defined by \((1-r{\bar z})^{-\alpha} (1-rz)^{- \beta}=\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}C_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)} (z)r^ n\) for \(| rz|<1\), where \(\alpha,\beta>0\) (these are polynomials in z and \({\bar z})\). \textit{B. Gaveau} [Acta Math. 139, 95-153 (1977; Zbl 0366.22010) used existential methods to show that the Dirichlet problem for the subelliptic Laplacian can be solved in the ball \(\{\) (w,t): \(w\in {\mathbb{C}}^ N\), \(t\in {\mathbb{R}}\), \(| w|^ 2+t^ 4\leq 1\}\). This problem is related to that of expanding continuous functions on 0\(\leq \theta \leq \pi\) in series of the form \(\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}a_ nC_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(e^{i\theta})\). (An explicit method remains to be found.) In this paper the basis \[ \{C_ n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(e^{i\theta}):\quad n\geq 0\}\quad \cup(2i \sin \theta C_{n-1}^{(\alpha +1,\beta +1)}(e^{i\theta}):\quad n\geq 1\} \] is introduced for functions on the entire circle \(T:=\{e^{i\theta}: -\pi<\theta \leq \pi \}.\) The biorthogonal set in \(L^ 2(T,| \sin \theta |^{\alpha +\beta}d\theta)\) is found and is used to form a Poisson kernel. (\textit{G. Gasper} discovered a related orthogonality structure [Can. J. Math. 33, 1261-1270 (1981; Zbl 0428.42010)]. The kernel is expressed using a single sum (indeed, an \({}_ 2F_ 1\)- series) by means of the author's addition theorem in [Harmonic analysis, Conf. in Honor A. Zygmund, Chicago 1981, Vol. 2, 690-707 (1983; Zbl 0502.43008]. The resulting Poisson integral transforms each function f in \(L^ 1(T,| \sin \theta |^{\alpha +\beta}d\theta)\) to a smooth function on the disk \(\{z\in {\mathbb{C}}:| z|<1\}.\)

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