The angle of an operator and range-kernel complementarity

DOI10.7900/JOT.2015DEC02.2083MaRDI QIDQ2835257zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dimosthenis Drivaliaris, Nikos Yannakakis

Publication date 1 December 2016

Published in Journal of Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.4195

zbMATH Keywords

angle of an operatorascentdescentkernelnumerical rangerange

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05)

Abstract: We show that if the angle of a bounded linear operator on a Banach space, with closed range and closed sum of its range and kernel, is less than $pi$, then its range and kernel are complementary. In finite dimensions and up to rotations this simple geometric property characterizes operators for which the above complementarity holds. Applying our result we get simple proofs concerning eigenvalues lying in the boundary of the numerical range. Concluding, for an operator on a Hilbert space, we present a sufficient condition, involving the distance of the boundary of the numerical range from the origin, for its range and kernel to be complementary.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a complex Banach space with a semi-inner product \([\cdot,\cdot]\) satisfying \([x,x]=\| x\|^2\). Let \(A:X\rightarrow X\) be a bounded linear operator, \(R(A)\) be the range of \(A\) and \(N(A)\) be the kernel of \(A\). In the present paper, the authors prove the following theorem: Theorem 3.4. Let \(A:X\rightarrow X\) be a bounded linear operator with closed range such that \(R(A)+N(A)\) is closed. If NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\Phi (A)=\arccos (\cos A)=\arccos \Big(\inf \Big\{\dfrac{\operatorname{Re}[Ax,x]} {\| Ax\|\cdot \| x\|}:x\notin N(A)\Big\}\Big)<\pi,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE then \(X=R(A)\bigoplus N(A)\). Some applications of this result are given.

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