The best approximation function to irrational numbers
Let \(x\) be an irrational number with simple continued fraction expansion \(x= [a_ 0; a_ 1, a_ 2,\dots]\). Let the \(i\)-th convergent \(p_ i/ q_ i:= [a_ 0; a_ 1,\dots, a_ i]\) and let \(u:= |[0; a_{n+2}, a_{n+3}, \dots]- [0; a_ n, a_{n-1}, \dots, a_ 1]|\). In this paper the following generalization of the theorems of Hurwitz and of Borel is given: among three consecutive convergents \(p_ i/ q_ i\) \((i=n-1, n, n+1)\), at least one satisfies \[ | x-p_ i/ q_ i|< 1/( \sqrt {(a_{n+1} +u)^ 2+4}\cdot q_ i^ 2), \] and at least one satisfies \[ | x-p_ i/ q_ i|> 1/( \sqrt{(a_{n+1} -u)^ 2+4}\cdot q_ i^ 2). \] The results are best possible.
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