The central value of the triple sine function

Multiple Dirichlet series and zeta functions and multizeta values (11M32) Hurwitz and Lerch zeta functions (11M35) Other Dirichlet series and zeta functions (11M41) Exponential and trigonometric functions (33B10) Gamma, beta and polygamma functions (33B15) Other functions defined by series and integrals (33E20)

Review text

In the paper, the investigations on the triple sine function \[ S_3(x, (\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3))=\mathop{{\prod}^*}\limits_{n_1, n_2, n_3\geq 0} (n_1\omega_1+n_2\omega_2+n_3\omega_3+x)\times \mathop{{\prod}^*}\limits_{m_1, m_2, m_3\geq 1} (m_1\omega_1+m_2\omega_2+m_3\omega_3-x), \] where \(\mathop{{\prod}^*}\limits_\lambda =\exp\left(-{\partial\over\partial s}\sum\limits_\lambda \lambda^{-s}|_{s=0}\right)\), introduced and studied by \textit{the author} and \textit{S. Koyama} [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 68, No. 9, 256--260 (1992; Zbl 0797.11053), Forum Math. 15, No. 6, 839--876 (2003; Zbl 1065.11065)], are continued. The author gives the explicit integral expression for the central value of \(S_3(x, (\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3))\). More precisely, he proves that, for \(\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3 >0\), \[ \begin{multlined} S_3\left({\omega_1+\omega_2+\omega_3\over 2}, (\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3)\right)\\ = \exp\left(-\int_0^\infty\left({1\over 4}\prod_{k=1}^3\left(\sinh\left({\sqrt{2}\omega_kt\over \sqrt{\omega_1^2+\omega_2^2+\omega_3^2}}\right)\right)^{-1} -{(\omega_1^2+\omega_2^2+\omega_3^2)^{3/2}\over 8\sqrt{2}\omega_1\omega_2\omega_3t^3}\left(1-{t^2\over 3}\right)\right){d t\over t}\right). \end{multlined} \] Moreover, he observes that the left-hand side of this equality lies in the interval \((0, 1)\), and presents the graph of \(S_3(x, (\omega_1, \omega_2, \omega_3))\) in the fundamental domain \(0\leq x\leq \omega_1+\omega_2+\omega_3\). As an application, the expression for \(\zeta(3)\) is presented, i.e. the following equality \[ \zeta(3)={16\pi ^2\over 3}\int_0^\infty\left(2(e^{\sqrt{2/3}t}-e^{-\sqrt{2/3}t})^{-3}+{3\over 16}\sqrt{2\over 3}\left({1\over t}-{3\over t^3}\right)\right){d t\over t}-{2\over 3}\pi^2\log 2 \] is obtained.

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