The collocation method for solving the radiosity equation for unoccluded surfaces

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DOI10.1216/JIEA/1181074231MaRDI QIDQ1275264zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Graeme Chandler, Kendall E. Atkinson

Publication date 7 June 1999

Published in Journal of Integral Equations and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL http://math.la.asu.edu/~rmmc/jie/JIE10-3/CONT10-3/CONT10-3.html


zbMATH Keywords

computer graphicsemissivityLambertian diffuse reflectornumerical resultspiecewise linear collocation methodradiosity equationreflectivitysmooth and piecewise smooth surfacessuperconvergenceunoccluded surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Integral equations of the convolution type (Abel, Picard, Toeplitz and Wiener-Hopf type) (45E10) Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20)




Review text

The radiosity equation occurs in computer graphics, and its solution leads to more realistic illumination for the display of surface \(S.\) The equation is \[ (I-\mathcal K)u:=u(P) - \frac{\rho(P)}{\pi}\int_S u(Q)G(P,Q)V(P,Q)dS_Q = E(P),\quad P\in S, \tag{1} \] with \(u(P)\) the ``brightness or radiosity and \(E(P)\) the emissivity at \(P\in S.\) The function \(\rho(P)\) gives the reflectivity with \(0\leq\rho(P) < 1.\) The function \(G\) is given by \[ G(P,Q)=\left[(Q-P)\cdot\mathbf n_P\right]\left[(P-Q)\cdot\mathbf n_Q\right]/| P-Q|^4. \] In this, \(\mathbf n_p\) is the inner unit normal to \(S\) at \(P,\) and \(\mathbf n_Q\) is defined analogously. The function \(V(P,Q)\) is a ``line of sight function. An unoccluded surface is one for which \(V \equiv 1\) on \(S,\) and it is the simplest case investigated here in order to make clearer the behavior of the approximation methods being used. In the numerical solution of (1), the Galerkin method has been the predominant form of numerical solution. In this paper, the collocation method with approximations of all possible orders is investigated. The case of piecewise smooth \(S,\) which is a more practical situation, is considered, and the effect of using linear interpolation to approximate \(S\) is also analyzed. For one particular choice of such interpolation, superconvergence results are obtained when solving on a smooth surface. Numerical results conclude the paper.


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