The differential properties of certain permutation polynomials over finite fields

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For an element \(c\) of the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\), the \(c\)-differential uniformity of a function \(F\) on \(\mathbb{F}_q\) is given by\N\[\N_c\Delta_F := \max\{_c\Delta_F(a,b) : a, b \in\mathbb{F}_q \,\mbox{and}\, a\ne 0\,\mbox{if}\, c = 1\},\N\]\Nwhere \(_c\Delta_F(a,b)\) is the number of solutions of \(F(x+a) - cF(x) = b\). When \(_c\Delta_F = 1\), then \(F\) is called a perfect \(c\)-nonlinear function.\N\NIn this article, the authors analyse the \(c\)-differential uniformity of some classes of permutation polynomials in characteristic \(2\). In particular they present four classes of perfect \(c\)-nonlinear functions in characteristic \(2\). Furthermore, they analyse the \(c\)-differential uniformity of a class of permutation polynomials in characteristic \(3\), and include conditions for which these polynomials are perfect \(c\)-nonlinear.\N\NFor the analysis, many Walsh transform coefficients and Weil sums are determined explicitly, which may be of independent interest.



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