The excess of complex Hadamard matrices

A matrix \(C\) of order \(s\) with entries from the multiplicative group \(\langle i \rangle\) is called a complex Hadamard matrix if \(CC^*=sI\), where \(*\) denotes the Hermitian conjugation. A complex Hadamard matrix \(C\) is called skew-Hadamard if \(C=I + U\) and \(U^*=-U\). The excess \(\sigma(C)\) of a complex Hadamard matrix \(C\) is the absolute value of the sum of its entries, and \(\sigma(s)=\text{Max} \sigma(C)\), where \(C\) runs over all complex Hadamard matrices of order \(s\). A matrix \(D\) of order \(s-1\) with zero diagonal and non-diagonal entries from \(\langle i\rangle\) is called the core if \(DD^*=(s-2)I-J\), \(DJ=0\) and \(D^*=D\) or \(-D\). Now the main result of the authors is the following theorem: An Hadamard matrix of order \(4m(m-1)\) with maximum excess of \(\sigma(4m(m-1))=4(m- 1)^ 2(2m+1)\) can be constructed, if there exist a complex skew-Hadamard matrix of order \(m\) and a core of order \(m-1\).

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