The functional equation of the smoothing transform

DOI10.1214/11-AOP670MaRDI QIDQ690873zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gerold Alsmeyer, J. D. Biggins, Matthias Meiners

Publication date 29 November 2012

Published in The Annals of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.3133

zbMATH Keywords

Weibull distributionfixed pointbranching processbranching random walkgeneral branching processChoquet-deny-type functional equationendrogenymultiplicative martingalessmoothing transformstochastic fixed-point equationweighted branching

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Probability distributions: general theory (60E05) Martingales with discrete parameter (60G42) Applications of branching processes (60J85) Functional equations for real functions (39B22)

Abstract: Given a sequence $T=(T_i{)}_{igeq1}$ of nonnegative random variables, a function f on the positive halfline can be transformed to $mathbbEpro{d}_{igeq1}f(t{T}_i)$. We study the fixed points of this transform within the class of decreasing functions. By exploiting the intimate relationship with general branching processes, a full description of the set of solutions is established without the moment conditions that figure in earlier studies. Since the class of functions under consideration contains all Laplace transforms of probability distributions on $[0,infty)$, the results provide the full description of the set of solutions to the fixed-point equation of the smoothing transform, $Xstackreld=su{m}_{igeq1}{T}_i{X}_i$, where $stackreld=$ denotes equality of the corresponding laws, and $X_1,X_2,\mathrm{...}$ is a sequence of i.i.d. copies of X independent of T. Further, since left-continuous survival functions are covered as well, the results also apply to the fixed-point equation $Xstackreld=inf{X}_i/T_i:igeq1,T_i>0$. Moreover, we investigate the phenomenon of endogeny in the context of the smoothing transform and, thereby, solve an open problem posed by Aldous and Bandyopadhyay.

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Cited in

(38)

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• A simple method to find all solutions to the functional equation of the smoothing transform
• Branching-stable point measures and processes
• Thin tails of fixed points of the nonhomogeneous smoothing transform
• Implicit renewal theory and power tails on trees
• Implicit renewal theory in the arithmetic case
• Stochastic recursions on directed random graphs
• The weighted branching process
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• Fixed points of the smoothing transform: two-sided solutions
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• On an integro-functional equation related to fixed points of the smoothing transforms

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