The generalized Lipman-Zariski problem

Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Modules of differentials (13N05) Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Singularities of surfaces or higher-dimensional varieties (14J17) Local complex singularities (32S05) Complex surface and hypersurface singularities (32S25)

Abstract: We propose and study a generalized version of the Lipman-Zariski conjecture: let

(x i n X)

be an

n

-dimensional singularity such that for some integer

1 l e p l e n - 1

, the sheaf

O m e g a_{X}^{[p]}

of reflexive differential

p

-forms is free. Does this imply that

(x i n X)

is smooth? We give an example showing that the answer is no even for

p = 2

and

X

a terminal threefold. However, we prove that if

p = n - 1

, then there are only finitely many log canonical counterexamples in each dimension, and all of these are isolated and terminal. As an application, we show that if

X

is a projective klt variety of dimension

n

such that the sheaf of

(n - 1)

-forms on its smooth locus is flat, then

X

is a quotient of an Abelian variety. On the other hand, if

(x i n X)

is a hypersurface singularity with singular locus of codimension at least three, we give an affirmative answer to the above question for any

1 l e p l e n - 1

. The proof of this fact relies on a description of the torsion and cotorsion of the sheaves

O m e g a_{X}^{p}

of K"ahler differentials on a hypersurface in terms of a Koszul complex. As a corollary, we obtain that for a normal hypersurface singularity, the torsion in degree

p

is isomorphic to the cotorsion in degree

p - 1

via the residue map.

Review text

The Lipman-Zariski conjecture asserts that a complex variety with a locally free tangent sheaf is smooth and has been proved for several special cases. In the article under review, the author proposes and studies a generalized version of the Lipman-Zariski conjecture. Let \((x\in X)\) be an \(n\)-dimensional complex singularity and let \(\Omega_X^{[p]}\) denote the reflexive hull of the sheaf \(\Omega_X^p\) of differential \(p\)-forms. Then the problem is whether the freeness of \(\Omega_X^{[p]}\) implies the smoothness of \((x\in X)\) for some \(p\). The author gives an example of negative answer with \(p=2\) for terminal singularities of dimension three and four, and proves that if \(p=n-1\), there are only finitely many log canonical counterexamples in each dimension, and all of these are isolated and terminal. Applying this result the author also shows that if \(X\) is a projective klt variety such that \(\Omega^p\) on its smooth locus is flat, then \(X\) is a quotient of an abelian variety. On the other hand, an affirmative answer for any \(1\leq p \leq n-1\) is obtained if \((x\in X)\) is a hypersurface singularity with singular locus of codimension at least three. The proof is based on the study of the torsion and cotorsion of the sheaves \(\Omega_X^p\) on a hypersurface in terms of a Koszul complex. As a corollary, the author obtains that for a normal hypersurface singularity, the torsion in degree \(p\) is isomorphic to the cotorsion in degree \(p-1\) via the residue map.

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