The polyharmonic Dirichlet problem and path counting

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2013.12.001MaRDI QIDQ401291zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 26 August 2014

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.5063

boundary layer potentials Dyck paths surface splines total positivity

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Biharmonic and polyharmonic equations and functions in higher dimensions (31B30) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40) Multidimensional problems (41A63)

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide a solution to the

m

-fold Laplace equation in the half space

R_{+}^{d}

under certain Dirichlet conditions. The solutions we present are a series of

m

boundary layer potentials. We give explicit formulas for these layer potentials as linear combinations of powers of the Laplacian applied to the Dirichlet data, with coefficients determined by certain path counting problems.

Review text

The paper deals with a class of polyharmonic Dirichlet problems in the half-space \(\mathbb R_+^d:=\mathbb R^{d-1}\times [0,\infty)\) of the form NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta^m u(x) = 0 \,\,\,\text{ for }\,\,\, x\in\mathbb R_+^d, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \lambda_k u=h_k \,\,\,\text{ for }\,\,\, k=0,\dots, m-1, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(m> d/2\) and the \(m\) boundary conditions are NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \lambda_ku(x) := \Delta^{k/2} u(x_1,\dots,x_{d-1},0),\,\,\text{ for }\,\, k \,\,\text{ even } NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \lambda_ku(x) := -\frac{\partial}{\partial x_d} \Delta^{(k-1)/2} u(x_1,\dots,x_{d-1},0),\,\,\text{ for }\,\, k \,\,\text{ odd}. NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The solution is presented as NEWLINE\[NEWLINE u(x)=\sum_{j=0}^{m-1}\int_{\partial\mathbb R_+^d} g_j(y)k_j(x,y) d\sigma (y), NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where the kernel \(k:\mathbb R^d \times \partial\mathbb R_+^d \to\mathbb R\) is defined as \(k_j(x,y):=\lambda _{j,y}\phi (x-y)\), \(\phi\) is a fundamental solution to \(\Delta^m\) in \(\mathbb R^d\) and \(g_j\) are auxiliary functions, defined on \(\mathbb R^{d-1}\).

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